Napholz L
Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1991 Oct-Dec;12(4):303-20. doi: 10.3109/01612849109010013.
The purpose of the study reported in this article was to examine the relationships between locus of control and level of depression in younger adult and midlife registered mental health nurses (MHNs) in relation to each other and as a function of sex role orientation. On the basis of C. G. Jung's (1954) theory of individuation, the following hypotheses were derived: (a) MHNs with an androgynous sex role orientation will have a higher internal locus of control than MHNs with a nonandrogynous sex role orientation; (b) MHNs with an androgynous sex role orientation will be less depressed than nonandrogynous sex role-oriented MHNs, and (c) midlife MHNs will be more androgynous in sex role orientation than younger MHNs. Thirty-six participants, all working female registered mental health nurses between the ages of 30 and 59, were placed in the midlife group (age 41-59) or the young adult group (age 31-40) on the basis of self-indicated age. Two groups of female MHNs (younger adult and midlife women) were compared with each other by means of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1975), used to assess sex role orientation (androgynous or nonandrogynous: cross-typed, sex-typed, or undifferentiated); Rotter's (1966) Locus of Control Scale, used to assess internal or external (I-E) locus of control; and the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961), used to assess level of depression. In regards to all three hypotheses, no statistically significant associations were found among the study variables. The strengths and weakness of the present study were reviewed. The theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed, and directions for future research were considered.
本文所报告的研究目的是，探讨年轻成年及中年注册心理健康护士（MHN）的控制点与抑郁水平之间的关系，以及二者之间的相互关系，并考察其作为性别角色取向函数的情况。基于C.G.荣格（1954）的个性化理论，得出以下假设：（a）具有双性化性别角色取向的心理健康护士比具有非双性化性别角色取向的心理健康护士具有更高的内控点；（b）具有双性化性别角色取向的心理健康护士比具有非双性化性别角色取向的心理健康护士抑郁程度更低；以及（c）中年心理健康护士在性别角色取向上比年轻心理健康护士更具双性化特征。36名参与者均为在职女性注册心理健康护士，年龄在30至59岁之间，根据自我报告的年龄被分为中年组（41 - 59岁）或年轻成年组（31 - 40岁）。通过《个人属性问卷》（斯彭斯、赫尔姆赖希和斯塔普，1975）对两组女性心理健康护士（年轻成年女性和中年女性）进行比较，该问卷用于评估性别角色取向（双性化或非双性化：交叉型、性别型或未分化型）；罗特（1966）的控制点量表，用于评估内控或外控（I - E）控制点；以及贝克抑郁量表（贝克、沃德、门德尔松、莫克和厄尔鲍，1961），用于评估抑郁水平。关于所有这三个假设，在研究变量之间未发现具有统计学意义的关联。对本研究的优点和不足进行了综述。讨论了结果的理论和实践意义，并考虑了未来研究的方向。
