Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College-University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Aug 1;33(5):782-90. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.03.040. Epub 2009 Apr 22.
The subiculum is in a pivotal position governing the output of the hippocampal formation. Despite this, it is a rather under-explored and sometimes ignored structure. Here, we discuss recent data indicating that the subiculum participates in a wide range of neurocognitive functions and processes. Some of the functions of subiculum are relatively well-known-these include providing a relatively coarse representation of space and participating in, and supporting certain aspects of, memory (particularly in the dynamic bridging of temporal intervals). The subiculum also participates in a wide variety of other neurocognitive functions too, however. Much less well-known are roles for the subiculum, and particularly the ventral subiculum, in the response to fear, stress and anxiety, and in the generation of motivated behaviour (particularly the behaviour that underlies drug addiction and the response to reward). There is an emerging suggestion that the subiculum participates in the temporal control of behaviour. It is notable that these latter findings have emerged from a consideration of instrumental behaviour using operant techniques; it may well be the case that the use of the watermaze or similar spatial tasks to assess subicular function (on the presumption that its functions are very similar to the hippocampus proper) has obscured rather than revealed neurocognitive functions of subiculum. The anatomy of subiculum suggests it participates in a rather subtle fashion in a very broad range of functions, rather than in a relatively more isolated fashion in a narrower range of functions, as might be the case for "earlier" components of hippocampal circuitry, such as the CA1 and CA3 subfields. Overall, there appears to a strong dorso-ventral segregation of function within subiculum, with the dorsal subiculum relatively more concerned with space and memory, and the ventral hippocampus concerned with stress, anxiety and reward. Finally, it may be the case that the whole subiculum participates in the temporal control of reinforced behaviour, although further experimentation is required to clarify this hypothesis.
下托（subiculum）在调节海马结构输出方面处于关键位置。尽管如此，它仍然是一个相对未被充分探索且有时被忽视的结构。在这里，我们讨论了最近的数据，这些数据表明下托参与了广泛的神经认知功能和过程。下托的一些功能相对较为人熟知，这些功能包括提供空间的相对粗略表示，以及参与和支持记忆的某些方面（特别是在时间间隔的动态桥接中）。然而，下托还参与了各种各样的其他神经认知功能。下托的作用，尤其是腹侧下托在恐惧、压力和焦虑反应以及动机行为（特别是构成药物成瘾和对奖励反应的行为）的产生中的作用，人们了解得相对较少。越来越多的证据表明，下托参与了行为的时间控制。值得注意的是，这些发现是从使用操作性技术对工具性行为的考虑中得出的；很可能的情况是，使用水迷宫或类似的空间任务来评估下托功能（假设其功能与海马体本身非常相似）掩盖了而不是揭示了下托的神经认知功能。下托的解剖结构表明，它以相当微妙的方式参与了非常广泛的功能，而不是以相对更孤立的方式参与了更窄范围的功能，就像海马体电路的“早期”成分（如 CA1 和 CA3 亚区）那样。总的来说，下托似乎在功能上存在很强的背腹分离，背侧下托相对更关注空间和记忆，而腹侧海马体则与压力、焦虑和奖励有关。最后，可能整个下托都参与了强化行为的时间控制，尽管需要进一步的实验来澄清这一假设。
