University of Minnesota, Tobacco Use Research Center, 2701 University Avenue SE, Suite 201, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
Addict Behav. 2009 Jun-Jul;34(6-7):620-3. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.03.033. Epub 2009 Apr 2.
While sex differences in the nicotine withdrawal (NW) symptoms and craving (NC) have been extensively described in adult cigarette smokers, few studies have investigated these phenomena in adolescents. We investigated the effect of gender and hormonal contraception (HC) on NW and NC during the first 14 days of cessation in adolescent smokers using data from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of the transdermal nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Analyses showed similar levels of NW severity in males and females, regardless of HC use. However, significantly higher NC was observed in females compared to males, (2.22+/-0.12 vs. 1.65+/-1.14; p=0.003). Further, females not using HC reported the highest level of NC (2.38+/-0.16) followed by females using HC (2.08+/-0.25) and males (1.71+/-0.16; p=0.007). The current findings suggest that adolescent females experience similar NW severity to males, but have stronger NC. Further, the use of hormonal contraceptives may impact the severity of craving. Addressing these different symptoms in adolescents may be useful in increasing smoking cessation rates in this special population of smokers.
虽然在成年吸烟者中已经广泛描述了性别差异与尼古丁戒断（NW）症状和渴求（NC）之间的关系，但很少有研究调查青少年中的这些现象。我们使用经皮尼古丁替代疗法戒烟的随机、安慰剂对照、双盲试验的数据，调查了性别和激素避孕（HC）对青少年吸烟者戒烟头 14 天期间 NW 和 NC 的影响。分析显示，无论是否使用 HC，男性和女性的 NW 严重程度相似。然而，女性的 NC 明显高于男性，（2.22+/-0.12 对 1.65+/-1.14；p=0.003）。此外，不使用 HC 的女性报告的 NC 水平最高（2.38+/-0.16），其次是使用 HC 的女性（2.08+/-0.25）和男性（1.71+/-0.16；p=0.007）。目前的研究结果表明，青少年女性经历的 NW 严重程度与男性相似，但 NC 更强。此外，激素避孕的使用可能会影响渴求的严重程度。针对青少年的这些不同症状，可能有助于提高这一特殊吸烟人群的戒烟率。
