Lichten Louis A, Cousins Robert J
Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2710, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2009;29:153-76. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-033009-083312.
Research advances defining how zinc is transported into and out of cells and organelles have increased exponentially within the past five years. Research has progressed through application of molecular techniques including genomic analysis, cell transfection, RNA interference, kinetic analysis of ion transport, and application of cell and animal models including knockout mice. The knowledge base has increased for most of 10 members of the ZnT family and 14 members of the Zrt-, Irt-like protein (ZIP) family. Relative to the handling of dietary zinc is the involvement of ZnT1, ZIP4, and ZIP5 in intestinal zinc transport, involvement of ZIP10 and ZnT1 in renal zinc reabsorption, and the roles of ZIP5, ZnT2, and ZnT1 in pancreatic release of endogenous zinc. These events are major factors in regulation of zinc homeostasis. Other salient findings are the involvement of ZnT2 in lactation, ZIP14 in the hypozincemia of inflammation, ZIP6, ZIP7, and ZIP10 in metastatic breast cancer, and ZnT8 in insulin processing and as an autoantigen in diabetes.
在过去五年中，关于锌进出细胞和细胞器的运输机制的研究进展呈指数级增长。通过应用包括基因组分析、细胞转染、RNA干扰、离子运输动力学分析等分子技术，以及应用包括基因敲除小鼠在内的细胞和动物模型，研究取得了进展。对于锌转运体（ZnT）家族的10个成员和锌铁调控转运蛋白（Zrt）/铁调控转运蛋白（Irt）样蛋白（ZIP）家族的14个成员中的大多数，我们的知识库都有所扩充。与膳食锌的处理相关的是，ZnT1、ZIP4和ZIP5参与肠道锌转运，ZIP10和ZnT1参与肾脏锌重吸收，以及ZIP5、ZnT2和ZnT1在胰腺释放内源性锌中的作用。这些过程是锌稳态调节的主要因素。其他显著发现包括ZnT2参与泌乳过程，ZIP14参与炎症性低锌血症，ZIP6、ZIP7和ZIP10参与转移性乳腺癌，以及ZnT8参与胰岛素加工并作为糖尿病中的自身抗原。
