Katapodi Maria C, Dodd Marylin J, Lee Kathryn A, Facione Noreen C
School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009 May;36(3):306-14. doi: 10.1188/09.ONF.306-314.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe perceived breast cancer risk, identify the percentage of women with inaccurate risk perceptions, and examine the influence of perceived and objective risk on screening behavior.
Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional.
Community settings in a metropolitan area on the western coast of the United States.
Multicultural sample of 184 English-speaking women (57% non-Caucasian, X age = 47 +/- 12 years) who have never been diagnosed with cancer.
Two perceived risk scales (verbal and comparative) and the Gail model were used to assess perceived and objective breast cancer risk, respectively.
Perceived breast cancer risk, objective breast cancer risk, screening behavior.
Participants reported that they "probably will not" get breast cancer and that their risk was "somewhat lower" than average. Family history of breast cancer was a significant predictor of perceived risk. Demographic characteristics and objective risk factors were not associated with perceived risk. Most women at high risk for breast cancer (89%) underestimated their actual risk; fewer women with low to average risk for breast cancer (9%) overestimated their risk. Age, Gail scores, and health insurance status promoted breast cancer screening; underestimation of risk had the opposite effect.
Inaccurate perceptions of risk do not promote optimal breast cancer screening. The finding has implications for most women at high risk for developing breast cancer who underestimate their risk.
Oncology nurses can use risk assessment tools to provide individualized counseling regarding breast cancer risk factors and screening. Women at high risk who underestimate their risk could benefit from additional screening and from advances in cancer chemoprevention.
目的/目标：描述感知到的乳腺癌风险，确定风险感知不准确的女性比例，并研究感知风险和客观风险对筛查行为的影响。
描述性、相关性、横断面研究。
美国西海岸大都市地区的社区环境。
184名讲英语的女性组成的多元文化样本（57%为非白种人，平均年龄=47±12岁），她们从未被诊断出患有癌症。
分别使用两种感知风险量表（言语量表和比较量表）和盖尔模型来评估感知到的和客观的乳腺癌风险。
感知到的乳腺癌风险、客观的乳腺癌风险、筛查行为。
参与者报告称她们“可能不会”患乳腺癌，且其风险“略低于”平均水平。乳腺癌家族史是感知风险的重要预测因素。人口统计学特征和客观风险因素与感知风险无关。大多数乳腺癌高风险女性（89%）低估了她们的实际风险；乳腺癌低至平均风险的女性中较少有人（9%）高估了自己的风险。年龄、盖尔评分和健康保险状况促进了乳腺癌筛查；风险低估则起到相反作用。
对风险的不准确认知不利于优化乳腺癌筛查。这一发现对大多数低估自身风险的乳腺癌高风险女性具有启示意义。
肿瘤护士可以使用风险评估工具，就乳腺癌风险因素和筛查提供个性化咨询。低估自身风险的高风险女性可能会从额外的筛查和癌症化学预防进展中受益。
