Dipla Konstantina, Tsirini Theano, Zafeiridis Andreas, Manou Vasiliki, Dalamitros Athanassios, Kellis Eleftherios, Kellis Spyros
Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ag. Ioannis, 62110 Serres, Greece.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009 Jul;106(5):645-53. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1058-x. Epub 2009 Apr 29.
This study examined the maturation pattern of fatigue resistance (FR) from childhood to adulthood in females and males during high-intensity intermittent exercise and compared FR between females and males in childhood and adolescence. Thirty males (boys 11.3 +/- 0.5 years, teen-males 14.7 +/- 0.3 years, men 24.0 +/- 2.1 years) and 30 females (girls 10.9 +/- 0.6 years, teen-females 14.4 +/- 0.7 years, women 25.2 +/- 1.4) participated in this study. They performed high-intensity intermittent exercise (4 x 18 maximal knee flexions and extensions with 1-min rest) on an isokinetic dynamometer at 120 degrees s(-1). Peak torque of flexors (PTFL) and extensors (PTEX), and total work (TW) were measured. FR was calculated as % of PTEX, PTFL, and TW in 4th versus 1st set. FR was greater (P < 0.05) in boys versus teen-males and men, and in teen-males versus men. In females, FR was greater (P < 0.05) in girls versus teen-females and women, but not different between teen-females and women. FR was not different in boys versus girls and in teen-males versus teen-females. FR for PTFL, PTEX, and TW correlated negatively (P < 0.001) with the respective peak values (r = -0.68 to -0.84), and FR for TW with peak lactate (r = -0.58 to -0.69). In addition, age correlated (P < 0.01) with FR for males (r = -0.75) and females (r = -0.55). In conclusion, FR during high-intensity intermittent exercise undergoes a gradual decline from childhood to adulthood in males, while in females the adult profile establishes at mid-puberty (14-15 years). The maturation profile of FR in males and females during development appears to reflect the maturation profiles of peak torque, short-term muscle power, and lactate concentration after exercise.
本研究调查了男性和女性在高强度间歇运动期间从儿童期到成年期的疲劳抵抗（FR）成熟模式，并比较了儿童期和青春期男性与女性之间的FR。30名男性（男孩11.3±0.5岁、青少年男性14.7±0.3岁、成年男性24.0±2.1岁）和30名女性（女孩10.9±0.6岁、青少年女性14.4±0.7岁、成年女性25.2±1.4岁）参与了本研究。他们在等速测力计上以120度/秒的速度进行高强度间歇运动（4组，每组18次最大程度的膝关节屈伸，每组间休息1分钟）。测量了屈肌（PTFL）和伸肌（PTEX）的峰值扭矩以及总功（TW）。FR计算为第4组与第1组中PTEX、PTFL和TW的百分比。男孩的FR高于青少年男性和成年男性（P<0.05），青少年男性的FR高于成年男性（P<0.05）。在女性中，女孩的FR高于青少年女性和成年女性（P<0.05），但青少年女性和成年女性之间无差异。男孩与女孩之间以及青少年男性与青少年女性之间的FR无差异。PTFL、PTEX和TW的FR与各自的峰值呈负相关（P<0.001）（r=-0.68至-0.84），TW的FR与峰值乳酸呈负相关（r=-0.58至-0.69）。此外，年龄与男性（r=-0.75）和女性（r=-0.55）的FR相关（P<0.01）。总之，男性在高强度间歇运动期间的FR从儿童期到成年期逐渐下降，而女性在青春期中期（14 - 15岁）确立成年期特征。男性和女性在发育过程中FR的成熟模式似乎反映了运动后峰值扭矩、短期肌肉力量和乳酸浓度的成熟模式。
