McMahon Colm J, Bloch B Nicolas, Lenkinski Robert E, Rofsky Neil M
Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2009 May;17(2):363-83. doi: 10.1016/j.mric.2009.01.013.
Prostate cancer is a common tumor among men, with increasing diagnosis at an earlier stage and a lower volume of disease because of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The need for imaging of the prostate stems from a desire to optimize treatment strategy on a patient and tumor-specific level. The major goals of prostate imaging are (1) staging of known cancer, (2) determination of tumor aggressiveness, (3) diagnosis of cancer in patients who have elevated PSA but a negative biopsy, (4) treatment planning, and (5) the evaluation of therapy response. This article concentrates on the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in the evaluation of patients who have prostate cancer and how it might be used to help achieve the above goals. Various dynamic contrast enhancement approaches (quantitative/semiquantitative/qualitative, high temporal versus high spatial resolution) are summarized with reference to the relevant strengths and compromises of each approach.
前列腺癌是男性常见的肿瘤，由于采用前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）进行筛查，其早期诊断率不断提高，疾病体积也更小。对前列腺进行成像的需求源于在患者个体和肿瘤特异性层面优化治疗策略的愿望。前列腺成像的主要目标包括：（1）对已知癌症进行分期；（2）确定肿瘤的侵袭性；（3）对PSA升高但活检阴性的患者进行癌症诊断；（4）制定治疗计划；（5）评估治疗反应。本文重点探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像在前列腺癌患者评估中的作用，以及如何利用它来帮助实现上述目标。文中还参照了每种动态对比增强方法（定量/半定量/定性、高时间分辨率与高空间分辨率）的相关优势和局限性，对各种方法进行了总结。
