Institute for International Cooperation (IFIC), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8433, Japan.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Aug;103(8):827-33. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.028. Epub 2009 May 5.
To estimate the impact of fish farming operated at household level on nutritional status among children 6-59 months of age, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Zomba district, Malawi. Anthropometric measurements of 66 children in each type of household (fish-farming and non-fish-farming households) and structured interviews with their parents were undertaken. A total of 21 background variables were employed and examined using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Overall, a lower prevalence of malnutrition was detected among the children in fish-farming households than those in non-fish-farming households in all the malnutrition indicators, i.e. stunting, underweight and wasting. In particular, a significantly lower prevalence was detected among the children in fish-farming households than those in non-fish-farming households in both severe (P=0.045) and global underweight (P=0.042). 'Higher proportion of income from fish farming to total income', 'more frequent intake of oil and fats other than never/seldom' and 'breastfeeding practice for the appropriate duration' are the protective factors against being underweight. Household fish farming may have indirectly contributed to lower prevalence of underweight through increasing frequency of intake of oil and fats by strengthening households' purchasing power. The study supports 12 months as the threshold for appropriate breastfeeding duration.
为了评估家庭养殖鱼类对 6-59 个月龄儿童营养状况的影响，在马拉维赞比西亚地区进行了一项横断面研究。在每类家庭（养鱼和非养鱼家庭）中对 66 名儿童进行了人体测量，并对其父母进行了结构化访谈。共使用了 21 个背景变量，并通过单变量和多变量分析进行了检查。总体而言，在所有营养指标（发育迟缓、体重不足和消瘦）中，养鱼户儿童的营养不良患病率均低于非养鱼户儿童。特别是，在严重（P=0.045）和全球体重不足（P=0.042）方面，养鱼户儿童的患病率显著低于非养鱼户儿童。“鱼类养殖收入占总收入的比例较高”、“除从不/很少外，更频繁地摄入油和脂肪”和“母乳喂养时间适当”是预防体重不足的保护因素。家庭养鱼可能通过增强家庭的购买力，增加油和脂肪的摄入频率，间接降低体重不足的患病率。本研究支持将 12 个月作为适当母乳喂养时间的阈值。
