Ciletti Lindsay, Flamme Gregory A
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Western Michigan University, 1903 W. Michigan Ave., Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
J Am Acad Audiol. 2008 Oct;19(9):672-85. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.19.9.3.
This study describes the most common audiometric configurations and the prevalence of these configurations among adults (ages 20 to 69) in the noninstitutionalized population of the United States and in a sample of residents of a rural county in Iowa.
This was a cross-sectional population-based study.
Estimates generalizing to the noninstitutionalized population of the United States were based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected from 2819 women and 2525 men between 1999 and 2004. Estimates from the rural county were based on Keokuk County Rural Health Study (KCRHS) data collected from 892 women and 750 men between 1994 and 1998.
Cluster analyses (kappa-means) were used to divide participants into groups including maximally similar bilateral air conduction audiograms. Separate cluster analyses were conducted for each gender. For NHANES data, prevalence and error estimates were obtained using sample weights intended to provide data generalizing to the noninstitutionalized population of the United States within this age range.
The hierarchical structure of audiometric configurations revealed that approximately 25% of women and 50% of men aged 20 to 69 in the noninstitutionalized population of the United States were best described by a configuration consistent with a marked hearing impairment in at least one frequency. Hearing impairments were more common among participants in the KCRHS. Gently sloping configurations of hearing impairment were dominant among women, while configurations featuring a greater slope were dominant among men. There was a greater variety of audiometric configurations in men than women.
In addition to their descriptive value, these data can be used to inform future studies of risk factors and progression of hearing loss, and to improve the generalizability of studies involving rehabilitative options for people with hearing impairment.
本研究描述了美国非机构化人群以及爱荷华州一个农村县居民样本中成年人（20至69岁）最常见的听力测定配置及其患病率。
这是一项基于人群的横断面研究。
推广至美国非机构化人群的估计值基于1999年至2004年间从2819名女性和2525名男性收集的国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）数据。农村县的估计值基于1994年至1998年间从892名女性和750名男性收集的基奥库克县农村健康研究（KCRHS）数据。
聚类分析（kappa均值法）用于将参与者分为多组，包括最大程度相似的双侧气导听力图。对每个性别分别进行聚类分析。对于NHANES数据，使用样本权重获得患病率和误差估计值，旨在提供适用于该年龄范围内美国非机构化人群的数据。
听力测定配置的层次结构显示，在美国非机构化人群中，年龄在20至69岁的女性中约25%、男性中约50%的最佳描述配置与至少一个频率的明显听力障碍一致。听力障碍在KCRHS参与者中更为常见。听力障碍的轻度斜坡配置在女性中占主导，而斜率更大的配置在男性中占主导。男性的听力测定配置比女性更多样化。
除了其描述价值外，这些数据可用于为未来听力损失的风险因素和进展研究提供信息，并提高涉及听力障碍者康复选择研究的普遍性。
