Richter Tobias, Zwaan Rolf A
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2010 Jan;63(1):81-107. doi: 10.1080/17470210902829563. Epub 2009 May 4.
According to experiential theories of language comprehension, perceptual information plays an essential role when word meanings are accessed. We conducted four experiments to investigate how different types of perceptual information such as colour and shape are combined during word access. One possibility is that the colour and shape of a word's referent are activated independently from one another and are combined in an additive manner. Alternatively, words might activate perceptual representations via a multiplicative integration of colour and shape. Experiment 1 established that participants follow a multiplicative similarity rule when they judge the similarity of schematic pictures to actual fruits and vegetables. In Experiments 2 to 4, participants performed a classification task, a lexical decision task, or a word-naming task on names of fruits and vegetables that were superimposed on a background picture. Responses were facilitated only when both colour and shape of the picture matched the word's referents. Response times were associated negatively with mean similarity ratings and the consistency of these ratings obtained in the first experiment. These results suggest a multiplicative integration of different types of perceptual information during word access.
根据语言理解的经验理论，在获取词义时，感知信息起着至关重要的作用。我们进行了四项实验，以研究在词汇获取过程中，颜色和形状等不同类型的感知信息是如何组合的。一种可能性是，单词所指对象的颜色和形状相互独立地被激活，并以相加的方式进行组合。或者，单词可能通过颜色和形状的乘法整合来激活感知表征。实验1表明，参与者在判断示意图片与实际水果和蔬菜的相似性时遵循乘法相似性规则。在实验2至4中，参与者对叠加在背景图片上的水果和蔬菜名称执行分类任务、词汇判断任务或单词命名任务。只有当图片的颜色和形状都与单词所指对象匹配时，反应才会得到促进。反应时间与平均相似性评分以及在第一个实验中获得的这些评分的一致性呈负相关。这些结果表明在词汇获取过程中不同类型的感知信息存在乘法整合。
