Humphreys Karin R, Boyd Candice H, Watter Scott
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2010 Dec;63(12):2289-96. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2010.509802. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
While most authors now agree that the language production system is in principle cascaded, the strength with which cascaded lemma-to-phoneme activation typically occurs is debated. Picture naming has been shown to be facilitated by phonologically related distractor pictures, but no such facilitation from pictures has been shown for word reading. Picture-picture paradigms have recently been suggested to represent an attentionally facilitated and unusually strong case of cascaded phonological facilitation, not typical of a more general weakly cascaded production system. We used a novel procedure based on picture-word interference paradigms, where participants made speeded verbal free association responses to presented words, with irrelevant picture distractors that were phonologically related to their predicted high-associate responses. Phonological facilitation effects from related picture names were observed on free associate verbal production latencies. These findings represent a far more general demonstration of routine cascaded language production and suggest that the strength and extent of cascaded activation is more substantial than that suggested by traditional picture-word paradigms.
虽然现在大多数作者都认为语言生成系统原则上是级联式的，但级联式词元到音素激活通常发生的强度仍存在争议。研究表明，语音相关的干扰图片会促进图片命名，但对于单词阅读，尚未发现图片有此类促进作用。最近有人提出，图片 - 图片范式代表了一种注意力促进且异常强烈的级联语音促进情况，并非更一般的弱级联生成系统的典型情况。我们使用了一种基于图片 - 单词干扰范式的新程序，参与者对呈现的单词做出快速的言语自由联想反应，同时伴有与他们预测的高联想反应在语音上相关的无关图片干扰物。在自由联想言语生成潜伏期上观察到了来自相关图片名称的语音促进效应。这些发现代表了对常规级联语言生成更普遍的证明，并表明级联激活的强度和程度比传统图片 - 单词范式所表明的更为显著。
