Dongus Stefan, Nyika Dickson, Kannady Khadija, Mtasiwa Deo, Mshinda Hassan, Gosoniu Laura, Drescher Axel W, Fillinger Ulrike, Tanner Marcel, Killeen Gerry F, Castro Marcia C
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Geospat Health. 2009 May;3(2):189-210. doi: 10.4081/gh.2009.220.
A cross-sectional survey of agricultural areas, combined with routinely monitored mosquito larval information, was conducted in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to investigate how agricultural and geographical features may influence the presence of Anopheles larvae. Data were integrated into a geographical information systems framework, and predictors of the presence of Anopheles larvae in farming areas were assessed using multivariate logistic regression with independent random effects. It was found that more than 5% of the study area (total size 16.8 km2) was used for farming in backyard gardens and larger open spaces. The proportion of habitats containing Anopheles larvae was 1.7 times higher in agricultural areas compared to other areas (95% confidence interval = 1.56-1.92). Significant geographic predictors of the presence of Anopheles larvae in gardens included location in lowland areas, proximity to river, and relatively impermeable soils. Agriculture-related predictors comprised specific seedbed types, mid-sized gardens, irrigation by wells, as well as cultivation of sugar cane or leafy vegetables. Negative predictors included small garden size, irrigation by tap water, rainfed production and cultivation of leguminous crops or fruit trees. Although there was an increased chance of finding Anopheles larvae in agricultural sites, it was found that breeding sites originated by urban agriculture account for less than a fifth of all breeding sites of malaria vectors in Dar es Salaam. It is suggested that strategies comprising an integrated malaria control effort in malaria-endemic African cities include participatory involvement of farmers by planting shade trees near larval habitats.
在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆市开展了一项农业区域横断面调查，并结合常规监测的蚊虫幼虫信息，以调查农业和地理特征如何影响按蚊幼虫的存在情况。数据被整合到地理信息系统框架中，并使用具有独立随机效应的多变量逻辑回归评估农业区域中按蚊幼虫存在情况的预测因素。结果发现，研究区域（总面积16.8平方公里）中超过5%用于后院花园和较大空地的农业种植。与其他区域相比，农业区域中含有按蚊幼虫的栖息地比例高出1.7倍（95%置信区间=1.56-1.92）。花园中按蚊幼虫存在情况的显著地理预测因素包括位于低地地区、靠近河流以及土壤相对不透水。与农业相关的预测因素包括特定的苗床类型、中型花园、井水灌溉以及甘蔗或叶菜类蔬菜的种植。负面预测因素包括花园面积小、自来水灌溉、雨养生产以及豆类作物或果树的种植。尽管在农业场所发现按蚊幼虫的可能性增加，但发现城市农业产生的孳生地占达累斯萨拉姆所有疟疾媒介孳生地的比例不到五分之一。建议在非洲疟疾流行城市开展综合疟疾控制工作的策略包括让农民参与，在幼虫栖息地附近种植遮荫树。
