Joyce E M, Robbins T W
Institute of Psychiatry, London, U.K.
Neuropsychologia. 1991;29(8):709-23. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90067-i.
Groups of Korsakoff (KS) and non-Korsakoff alcoholics (ALC) and a group of normal volunteers, matched for age and verbal IQ, were tested on traditional neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe function and on computerized tests of planning (the Tower of London task) and spatial working memory. KS demonstrated deficits on the planning task which could not be explained by abnormalities of memory, including spatial span, or by visuoperceptive disturbances. KS were also impaired on the spatial working memory task, in part because of the failure to adopt an organized strategy. ALC exhibited fewer impairments which could not be attributed to deficits in either planning or spatial working memory. On Nelson's modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, KS and ALC achieved fewer categories than controls but only KS made perseverative errors. The data suggest that in the alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome there is a specific disturbance of frontal-lobe function in addition to amnesia. The impairment seen in chronic alcoholics without Korsakoff's syndrome, on the other hand, do not reflect specific frontal dysfunction.
对年龄和言语智商相匹配的科尔萨科夫综合征（KS）患者组、非科尔萨科夫综合征酗酒者（ALC）组以及一组正常志愿者，进行了额叶功能的传统神经心理学测试，以及计划能力（伦敦塔任务）和空间工作记忆的计算机化测试。KS患者在计划任务中表现出缺陷，这些缺陷无法用记忆异常（包括空间广度）或视觉感知障碍来解释。KS患者在空间工作记忆任务中也存在受损情况，部分原因是未能采用有条理的策略。ALC患者表现出的损伤较少，且这些损伤不能归因于计划能力或空间工作记忆方面的缺陷。在尼尔森改良的威斯康星卡片分类任务中，KS患者和ALC患者达到的类别数比对照组少，但只有KS患者出现持续性错误。数据表明，在酒精性科尔萨科夫综合征中，除了失忆外，还存在额叶功能的特定障碍。另一方面，在没有科尔萨科夫综合征的慢性酗酒者中观察到的损伤，并不反映特定的额叶功能障碍。
