Schnaider Taylor Brandão, Souza Cláudio de
Departamento de Clínica Cirúrgica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Vale do Sapucai.
Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2003 Apr;53(2):278-85. doi: 10.1590/s0034-70942003000200014.
This is a major subject since the aim is to grant human beings physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being without forgetting the sacred rights of all animals. Most international codes dealing with health-related research practices state that research developed in human beings should be based on previous lab animal experiments or on other scientific data. This article aimed at explaining ethics in animal experiments.
The concepts of dissertation and thesis, experimental thesis, experimental essay or pilot experiment and experimental animal facilities are reviewed. Then, a historical retrospective is drawn about the first attempt to develop experimental research policies during the mid 19th Century, in London. It is highlighted that some criteria defined by that time still persist. The first animal research ethical committee was created in Sweden in 1979, followed by the USA in1984. In Brazil, animal research ethical committees were created as late as in the 90s. The Federal Law 6638 was passed in May 1979 and provides for the didactic-scientific practice of animal vivisection. This law, however, is still waiting for regulation. In addition, there are some drafts being analyzed by the Congress, which provide for the use of animals for teaching and research purposes. Finally, the policies adopted by the Brazilian College of Animal Experiments and the Universal Declaration of Animal Rights are presented.
Professors, postgraduates, residents and graduate students of a Medical School involved in animal research should be aware of the ethical principles aiming at protecting animals selected for scientific work.
这是一个重要主题，因为其目标是赋予人类身体、心理、社会和精神层面的福祉，同时不忘记所有动物的神圣权利。大多数涉及健康相关研究实践的国际准则规定，在人类身上开展的研究应以先前的实验动物实验或其他科学数据为基础。本文旨在解释动物实验中的伦理问题。
回顾了论文、实验性论文、实验性短文或试点实验以及实验动物设施的概念。接着，对19世纪中叶在伦敦首次尝试制定实验研究政策进行了历史回顾。强调当时确定的一些标准至今仍然存在。1979年瑞典成立了首个动物研究伦理委员会，随后美国于1984年成立。在巴西，动物研究伦理委员会直到90年代才成立。1979年5月通过了第6638号联邦法律，规定了动物活体解剖的教学 - 科学实践。然而，该法律仍有待规范。此外，国会正在分析一些草案，这些草案规定了动物用于教学和研究目的的情况。最后，介绍了巴西实验动物学院采取的政策以及《动物权利世界宣言》。
医学院参与动物研究的教授、研究生、住院医生和博士生应了解旨在保护为科学工作所选动物的伦理原则。
