Tai Andrew, Volkmer Robert, Burton Alexandra
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Asthma. 2009 May;46(4):343-6. doi: 10.1080/02770900802660998.
Over the last few decades, there have been substantial publications on the prevalence and trends of asthma in school-age children and adolescents. There has been a scarcity of reports on asthma prevalence and trends in preschool children. This study was performed to measure the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in preschool (4- and 5-year-old) children and the trend over a decade.
A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey using the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) was performed on South Australian preschool children in 2006. The results were compared to a previous survey conducted in 1993.
The 12-month period prevalence of reported wheeze, allergic rhinitis, and eczema was 23.7%, 20.8%, and 18.8%, respectively. The prevalence of wheeze symptoms was higher in males than females. There was a decline in the prevalence of "wheeze in the last 12 months" (25.2% to 23.7%) and in "asthma ever" (22.5% to 19.0%, p < 0.05) from 1993 to 2006.
There is a burden in the symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in preschool children. There is a declining trend in the prevalence of "current wheeze" and "asthma ever" in South Australian preschool children over a decade.
在过去几十年中，有大量关于学龄儿童和青少年哮喘患病率及趋势的出版物。关于学龄前儿童哮喘患病率及趋势的报告却很匮乏。本研究旨在测量学龄前（4岁和5岁）儿童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹症状的患病率以及十年间的趋势。
2006年对南澳大利亚学龄前儿童进行了一项基于国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究（ISAAC）的横断面问卷调查。结果与1993年进行的一项先前调查进行了比较。
报告的喘息、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹的12个月患病率分别为23.7%、20.8%和18.8%。喘息症状的患病率男性高于女性。从1993年到2006年，“过去12个月内喘息”的患病率（从25.2%降至23.7%）和“曾经患哮喘”的患病率（从22.5%降至19.0%，p<0.05）有所下降。
学龄前儿童存在哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹症状负担。在过去十年中，南澳大利亚学龄前儿童“当前喘息”和“曾经患哮喘”的患病率呈下降趋势。
