Schunk Johanna M, McArthur Laura H, Maahs-Fladung Cathy A
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2009 Jul-Aug;41(4):274-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2008.02.007.
To assess snacking patterns, self-efficacy, barriers, stage of change, and awareness of healthful snacks among middle-income midwestern women.
Self-administered questionnaire.
An urban church.
Convenience sample of 56 women, mean age 43.9 years and mean body mass index (BMI) 25.9 kg/m(2).
A snack quality index (SQI) assessed healthfulness of snack choices; subscales identified self-efficacy and barriers; and a test measured knowledge of healthful snacks.
SQI scores were based on energy density and frequency of consumption. Correlations identified associations between SQI scores and self-efficacy and barriers. Analysis of variance identified significant differences between subscale scores for self-efficacy and barriers. Statistical significance was P < .05.
The mean SQI score was 64.9%. Participants felt least confident to choose healthful snacks when experiencing negative emotions, and the most important barrier to healthful snacking was an unfavorable taste perception. The majority of the women (86%) were in the pre-action and 14% in the action stages of change for healthful snacking. The mean score on the snack knowledge test was 84.2%.
These women need information concerning snacks high in fiber and low in trans fat, and interventions for enhancing self-confidence for healthful snack selection under challenging circumstances and for overcoming barriers.
评估美国中西部中等收入女性的零食摄入模式、自我效能、障碍因素、行为改变阶段以及对健康零食的认知。
自行填写问卷。
城市教堂。
56名女性的便利样本，平均年龄43.9岁，平均体重指数（BMI）为25.9kg/m²。
零食质量指数（SQI）评估零食选择的健康程度；分量表确定自我效能和障碍因素；一项测试衡量对健康零食的认知。
SQI分数基于能量密度和消费频率。相关性分析确定了SQI分数与自我效能和障碍因素之间的关联。方差分析确定了自我效能和障碍因素分量表分数之间的显著差异。统计学显著性为P < 0.05。
平均SQI分数为64.9%。参与者在经历负面情绪时对选择健康零食最缺乏信心，而健康零食摄入的最重要障碍是不良的味觉感受。大多数女性（86%）处于健康零食摄入行为改变的行动前阶段，1
