J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015 Jul;115(7):1117-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
Snacking behaviors have been linked with higher energy intake and excess weight. However, results have been inconsistent. In addition, few data are available on the extent to which snacking affects diet quality.
This study describes snacking behaviors, including total snacking energy, frequency, time of day, and percentage of snacking energy intake by food groups, and their associations with diet quality and body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m(2)).
Snacking behaviors and dietary intake were examined cross-sectionally among 233 adults participating in a community-based worksite nutrition intervention from September 2010 through February 2013. Three telephone-administered 24-hour dietary recalls were collected (2 weekdays; 1 weekend day). Diet quality was characterized by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 and BMI was computed using measured height and weight.
The setting was a large metropolitan medical complex in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Outcome measures included diet quality and BMI.
General linear regression models were used to examine associations between each of the snacking behaviors as independent variables, and diet quality and BMI as dependent variables.
Percent of snacking energy from fruit and juice (β=.13; P=0.001) and nuts (β=.16; P=0.008) were significantly positively associated with diet quality. Percent of snacking energy from desserts and sweets (β=-.16; P<0.001) and sugar-sweetened beverages (β=-.22; P=0.024) were significantly inversely associated. Percent of snacking energy from vegetables (β=-.18; P=0.044) was significantly associated with lower BMI. Percent snacking energy from desserts and sweets was significantly associated with a higher BMI (β=.04; P=0.017).
Snack food choices, but not total energy from snacks, frequency, or time of day, were significantly associated with diet quality and BMI.
吃零食的行为与较高的能量摄入和超重有关。然而，结果并不一致。此外，关于零食对饮食质量的影响程度的数据很少。
本研究描述了零食行为，包括总零食能量、频率、一天中的时间以及按食物组计算的零食能量摄入比例，以及它们与饮食质量和体重指数（BMI；以 kg/m(2)计算）的关系。
2010 年 9 月至 2013 年 2 月，在一个基于社区的工作场所营养干预项目中，对 233 名成年人进行了横断面研究，收集了 3 次电话管理的 24 小时饮食回忆（2 个工作日；1 个周末）。饮食质量用 2010 年健康饮食指数进行描述，体重指数通过测量的身高和体重计算。
明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市一个大型大都市医疗综合体。
观察指标包括饮食质量和 BMI。
使用一般线性回归模型来检查每个零食行为作为自变量，以及饮食质量和 BMI 作为因变量之间的关联。
水果和果汁（β=.13；P=0.001）和坚果（β=.16；P=0.008）零食能量百分比与饮食质量呈显著正相关。甜点和糖果（β=-.16；P<0.001）和含糖饮料（β=-.22；P=0.024）零食能量百分比与饮食质量呈显著负相关。蔬菜（β=-.18；P=0.044）零食能量百分比与较低的 BMI 显著相关。甜点和糖果的零食能量百分比与更高的 BMI 显著相关（β=.04；P=0.017）。
零食的选择，而不是零食的总能量、频率或一天中的时间，与饮食质量和 BMI 显著相关。
