Campisi Michele, Talkner Peter, Hänggi Peter
Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2009 May 29;102(21):210401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.210401. Epub 2009 May 26.
Based on the observation that the thermodynamic equilibrium free energy of an open quantum system in contact with a thermal environment is the difference between the free energy of the total system and that of the bare environment, the validity of the Crooks theorem and of the Jarzynski equality is extended to open quantum systems. No restrictions on the nature of the environment or on the strength of the coupling between system and environment need to be imposed. This free energy entering the Crooks theorem and the Jarzynski equality is closely related to the Hamiltonian of mean force that generalizes the classical statistical mechanical concept of the potential of mean force.
与热环境接触的开放量子系统的热力学平衡自由能是总系统自由能与裸环境自由能之差，将克鲁克斯定理和贾兹温斯基等式的有效性扩展到开放量子系统。无需对环境的性质或系统与环境之间的耦合强度施加限制。进入克鲁克斯定理和贾兹温斯基等式的这种自由能与平均力哈密顿量密切相关，平均力哈密顿量推广了经典统计力学中平均力势的概念。
