Holmes Zoë, Hinds Mingo Erick, Chen Calvin Y-R, Mintert Florian
Controlled Quantum Dynamics Theory Group, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK.
Entropy (Basel). 2020 Jan 16;22(1):111. doi: 10.3390/e22010111.
In recent years, a quantum information theoretic framework has emerged for incorporating non-classical phenomena into fluctuation relations. Here, we elucidate this framework by exploring deviations from classical fluctuation relations resulting from the athermality of the initial thermal system and quantum coherence of the system's energy supply. In particular, we develop Crooks-like equalities for an oscillator system which is prepared either in photon added or photon subtracted thermal states and derive a Jarzynski-like equality for average work extraction. We use these equalities to discuss the extent to which adding or subtracting a photon increases the informational content of a state, thereby amplifying the suppression of free energy increasing process. We go on to derive a Crooks-like equality for an energy supply that is prepared in a pure binomial state, leading to a non-trivial contribution from energy and coherence on the resultant irreversibility. We show how the binomial state equality fits in relation to a previously derived coherent state equality and offers a richer feature-set.
近年来，一个量子信息理论框架已经出现，用于将非经典现象纳入涨落关系。在此，我们通过探究初始热系统的非热特性以及系统能量供应的量子相干性所导致的与经典涨落关系的偏差，来阐明这个框架。特别地，我们为处于添加光子或减去光子热态的振子系统推导出类似克鲁克斯的等式，并为平均功提取推导出类似雅津斯基的等式。我们利用这些等式来讨论添加或减去一个光子在多大程度上增加了一个态的信息内容，从而放大了对自由能增加过程的抑制。我们接着为处于纯二项式态的能量供应推导出类似克鲁克斯的等式，这导致能量和相干性对最终不可逆性有非平凡的贡献。我们展示了二项式态等式与先前推导的相干态等式的关系，并呈现出更丰富的特征集。
