Shahab Lion, West Robert, McNeill Ann
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 2-16 Torrington Place, London, UK.
Addict Biol. 2009 Jul;14(3):315-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00157.x.
Consumption of roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco is rising, but little is known about its in vivo delivery of toxins relative to factory-made (FM) cigarettes. To start to address this issue, this study compared the concentrations of metabolites of recognized human carcinogens in smokers of RYO tobacco and FM cigarettes. We opportunistically recruited 127 FM and 28 RYO cigarette smokers in central London and collected saliva and urine samples. Saliva samples were assayed for cotinine while urinary samples were assayed for 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP) and total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), metabolic markers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines, respectively. Data on socio-demographic, anthropometric and puffing characteristics were also obtained. Both unadjusted and adjusted analyses (controlling for age, sex, body mass index, puff flow, puff duration and cotinine) showed no difference in metabolic markers between RYO and FM cigarette smokers. However, significant main effects for cotinine levels and sex were observed in adjusted analyses. Greater levels of cotinine were associated with a greater concentration of both 1-HOP (B = 0.002, P = 0.037) and NNAL (B = 0.002, P < 0.001). In addition, women had significantly greater concentrations of urinary 1-HOP (B = 0.679, P = 0.004) and total NNAL metabolites (B = 0.117, P = 0.024) than men, irrespective of the type of cigarettes smoked. More research is now needed to confirm these findings and gender-specific effects in a larger, representative sample. However, results do not support the common belief that RYO cigarettes are less harmful than manufactured cigarettes.
手卷烟的消费量正在上升，但相对于机制卷烟，人们对其体内毒素输送情况知之甚少。为了开始解决这个问题，本研究比较了手卷烟和机制卷烟吸烟者体内公认的人类致癌物代谢物的浓度。我们在伦敦市中心机会性地招募了127名机制卷烟吸烟者和28名手卷烟吸烟者，并收集了唾液和尿液样本。对唾液样本检测可替宁，对尿液样本检测1-羟基芘（1-HOP）和总4-（甲基亚硝胺基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇（NNAL），分别为多环芳烃和烟草特有N-亚硝胺的代谢标志物。还获取了社会人口统计学、人体测量学和抽吸特征的数据。未调整分析和调整分析（控制年龄、性别、体重指数、抽吸流量、抽吸持续时间和可替宁）均显示，手卷烟和机制卷烟吸烟者的代谢标志物没有差异。然而，在调整分析中观察到可替宁水平和性别的显著主效应。可替宁水平越高，1-HOP（B = 0.002，P = 0.037）和NNAL（B = 0.002，P < 0.001）的浓度越高。此外，无论吸何种卷烟，女性尿液中1-HOP（B = 0.679，P = 0.004）和总NNAL代谢物（B = 0.117，P = 0.024）的浓度均显著高于男性。现在需要更多研究在更大的代表性样本中证实这些发现和性别特异性效应。然而，结果并不支持手卷烟比机制卷烟危害小的普遍观点。
