Greenfield Emily A, Vaillant George E, Marks Nadine F
Rutgers University, School of Social Work, 536 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1167, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2009 Jun;50(2):196-212. doi: 10.1177/002214650905000206.
Recognizing religiosity and spirituality as related yet distinct phenomena, and conceptualizing psychological well-being as a multidimensional construct, this study examines whether individuals' frequency of formal religious participation and spiritual perceptions are independently associated with diverse dimensions of psychological well-being (negative affect, positive affect, purpose in life, positive relations with others, personal growth, self-acceptance, environmental mastery, and autonomy). Data came from 1,564 respondents in the 2005 National Survey of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS). Higher levels of spiritual perceptions were independently associated with better psychological well-being across all dimensions, and three of these salutary associations were stronger among women than men. Greater formal religious participation was independently associated only with more purpose in life and (among older adults) personal growth; greater formal religious participation was also associated with less autonomy. Overall, results suggest a different pattern of independent linkages between formal religious participation and spiritual perceptions across diverse dimensions of psychological well-being.
认识到宗教信仰和精神性是相关但又有区别的现象，并将心理健康概念化为一个多维度的结构，本研究考察了个体参与正式宗教活动的频率和精神感知是否与心理健康的不同维度（消极情绪、积极情绪、生活目的、与他人的积极关系、个人成长、自我接纳、环境掌控和自主性）独立相关。数据来自2005年美国中年人的全国性调查（MIDUS）中的1564名受访者。较高水平的精神感知在所有维度上都与更好的心理健康独立相关，其中三种有益关联在女性中比在男性中更强。更多地参与正式宗教活动仅与更多的生活目的以及（在老年人中）个人成长独立相关；更多地参与正式宗教活动还与更少的自主性相关。总体而言，研究结果表明，在心理健康的不同维度上，正式宗教参与和精神感知之间存在不同模式的独立联系。
