Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Zrifin 73000, Israel.
Accid Anal Prev. 2009 Jul;41(4):856-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.016. Epub 2009 May 9.
Ocular parameters are influenced by sleep derivation and the use of chemical substances which are two major causes for traffic accidents. We assessed the use of these parameters as an objective screening tool for a driver's fitness for duty. Pupillary diameter, pupil reaction to light and saccadic velocity were measured in 29 army truck drivers every morning for two months and compared to baseline measurements taken while the subjects were alert. An index which expressed the difference between study and baseline measurements was calculated, and drivers with significant deviation from baseline were disqualified and interviewed. Non-disqualified drivers served as controls. Twenty-nine percent of disqualified drivers reported sleeping less than the minimum of 7h required by army regulations compared with 8% of control drivers (p=0.01). Disqualified drivers had worse sleep quality the night before the test (Groningen Sleep Quality Scale, p=0.03) and incurred more accidents per driving day during their service (0.023 vs. 0.015 accidents/day, p=0.03). Two disqualified drivers admitted to using alcohol or sleeping pills. Thus, these ocular parameters may serve as a screening tool for drivers that are at high risk for driving. Drivers who were disqualified even once, tend to be involved in more motor vehicle accidents than their peers.
眼部参数受睡眠剥夺和化学物质使用的影响，这是导致交通事故的两个主要原因。我们评估了这些参数作为驾驶员是否适合履行职责的客观筛选工具。在两个月内，每天早上测量 29 名陆军卡车司机的瞳孔直径、瞳孔对光的反应和眼跳速度，并与警觉时的基线测量值进行比较。计算了一个表示研究与基线测量值之间差异的指数，并且与基线有显著偏差的驾驶员被取消资格并接受采访。未被取消资格的驾驶员作为对照组。与对照组的 8%相比，29%的被取消资格的驾驶员报告睡眠时间少于军队规定的 7 小时最低要求（p=0.01）。被取消资格的驾驶员在测试前一天晚上的睡眠质量更差（格罗宁根睡眠质量量表，p=0.03），在服役期间每天发生的事故更多（0.023 比 0.015 事故/天，p=0.03）。有两名被取消资格的驾驶员承认使用酒精或安眠药。因此，这些眼部参数可以作为对高风险驾驶员的筛选工具。即使被取消资格一次的驾驶员，也往往比同龄人卷入更多的机动车事故。
