人类指纹的微生物 DNA 指纹图谱:指尖微生物区系的动态定植对法医鉴定中的人类宿主推断提出了挑战。
Microbial DNA fingerprinting of human fingerprints: dynamic colonization of fingertip microflora challenges human host inferences for forensic purposes.
机构信息
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Unit Research and Development, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
出版信息
Int J Legal Med. 2010 Sep;124(5):477-81. doi: 10.1007/s00414-009-0352-9. Epub 2009 Jun 24.
Human fingertip microflora is transferred to touched objects and may provide forensically relevant information on individual hosts, such as on geographic origins, if endogenous microbial skin species/strains would be retrievable from physical fingerprints and would carry geographically restricted DNA diversity. We tested the suitability of physical fingerprints for revealing human host information, with geographic inference as example, via microbial DNA fingerprinting. We showed that the transient exogenous fingertip microflora is frequently different from the resident endogenous bacteria of the same individuals. In only 54% of the experiments, the DNA analysis of the transient fingertip microflora allowed the detection of defined, but often not the major, elements of the resident microflora. Although we found microbial persistency in certain individuals, time-wise variation of transient and resident microflora within individuals was also observed when resampling fingerprints after 3 weeks. While microbial species differed considerably in their frequency spectrum between fingerprint samples from volunteers in Europe and southern Asia, there was no clear geographic distinction between Staphylococcus strains in a cluster analysis, although bacterial genotypes did not overlap between both continental regions. Our results, though limited in quantity, clearly demonstrate that the dynamic fingerprint microflora challenges human host inferences for forensic purposes including geographic ones. Overall, our results suggest that human fingerprint microflora is too dynamic to allow for forensic marker developments for retrieving human information.
人类指尖微生物菌群会转移到接触过的物体上,并且可能为个体宿主提供法医学相关信息,例如,如果可以从物理指纹中获取内源性微生物皮肤物种/菌株,并且它们携带具有地理限制的 DNA 多样性,那么就可以从地理位置推断出相关信息。我们通过微生物 DNA 指纹分析来测试物理指纹是否适合揭示人类宿主信息,例如地理位置推断。我们表明,短暂的外源性指尖微生物菌群通常与同一人群的常驻内源性细菌不同。在只有 54%的实验中,短暂指尖微生物菌群的 DNA 分析允许检测到常驻微生物菌群的定义明确但通常不是主要的元素。尽管我们发现某些个体中存在微生物持久性,但在 3 周后重新采样指纹时,个体内的短暂和常驻微生物菌群也存在时间变化。虽然在来自欧洲和南亚的志愿者的指纹样本中,微生物物种的频率谱差异很大,但在聚类分析中,葡萄球菌菌株之间没有明显的地理区别,尽管两种大陆地区的细菌基因型没有重叠。尽管我们的结果数量有限,但它们清楚地表明,动态指纹微生物菌群对包括地理位置在内的法医目的的人类宿主推断构成挑战。总体而言,我们的结果表明,人类指纹微生物菌群过于动态,无法开发用于检索人类信息的法医标志物。