James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Research and Heart and Lung Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2009;4:233-43. doi: 10.2147/copd.s5098. Epub 2009 Jun 11.
Due to the rapid urbanization of the world population, a better understanding of the detrimental effects of exposure to urban air pollution on chronic lung disease is necessary. Strong epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes exacerbations of pre-existing lung conditions, such as, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. However, little is known whether a chronic, low-grade exposure to ambient PM can cause the development and progression of COPD. The deposition of PM in the respiratory tract depends predominantly on the size of the particles, with larger particles deposited in the upper and larger airways and smaller particles penetrating deep into the alveolar spaces. Ineffective clearance of this PM from the airways could cause particle retention in lung tissues, resulting in a chronic, low-grade inflammatory response that may be pathogenetically important in both the exacerbation, as well as, the progression of lung disease. This review focuses on the adverse effects of exposure to ambient PM air pollution on the exacerbation, progression, and development of COPD.
由于世界人口的快速城市化，我们需要更好地了解暴露于城市空气污染对慢性肺部疾病的有害影响。强有力的流行病学证据表明，暴露于颗粒物（PM）空气污染会导致先前存在的肺部疾病（如慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD））恶化，从而导致发病率和死亡率增加。然而，目前尚不清楚慢性、低水平的环境 PM 暴露是否会导致 COPD 的发展和进展。PM 在呼吸道中的沉积主要取决于颗粒的大小，较大的颗粒沉积在上部和较大的气道中，较小的颗粒则穿透到肺泡空间深处。如果不能有效地从气道中清除 PM，就会导致颗粒物在肺组织中的滞留，从而引起慢性、低水平的炎症反应，这在肺部疾病的恶化和进展中可能具有重要的病理意义。本文综述了暴露于环境 PM 空气污染对 COPD 恶化、进展和发展的不良影响。
