Kabanov Alexander V, Vinogradov Serguei V
Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48(30):5418-29. doi: 10.1002/anie.200900441.
Nanogels are swollen nanosized networks composed of hydrophilic or amphiphilic polymer chains. They are developed as carriers for the transport of drugs, and can be designed to spontaneously incorporate biologically active molecules through formation of salt bonds, hydrogen bonds, or hydrophobic interactions. Polyelectrolyte nanogels can readily incorporate oppositely charged low-molecular-mass drugs and biomacromolecules such as oligo- and polynucleotides (siRNA, DNA) as well as proteins. The guest molecules interact electrostatically with the ionic polymer chains of the gel and become bound within the finite nanogel. Multiple chemical functionalities can be employed in the nanogels to introduce imaging labels and to allow targeted drug delivery. The latter can be achieved, for example, with degradable or cleavable cross-links. Recent studies suggest that nanogels have a very promising future in biomedical applications.
纳米凝胶是由亲水性或两亲性聚合物链组成的溶胀型纳米网络。它们被开发用作药物运输的载体，并且可以通过形成盐键、氢键或疏水相互作用来设计成自发地纳入生物活性分子。聚电解质纳米凝胶能够容易地纳入带相反电荷的低分子量药物和生物大分子，如寡核苷酸和多核苷酸（小干扰RNA、DNA）以及蛋白质。客体分子与凝胶的离子聚合物链发生静电相互作用，并被束缚在有限的纳米凝胶内。纳米凝胶中可以采用多种化学官能团来引入成像标记并实现靶向给药。例如，可通过可降解或可裂解的交联来实现后者。最近的研究表明，纳米凝胶在生物医学应用中有着非常广阔的前景。
