Maekawa K, Sano M, Nakae Y
Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Biol Neonate. 1991;60 Suppl 1:62-74. doi: 10.1159/000251018.
Seventy-one full-term normal newborns were studied at the age of 5-7 days. A 0.1% tartrate or a 0.25% saline solution was given to each infant after 1-2 min of breast or bottle feeding and then the same solutions were once more given to the same subjects. Sucking rhythm was recorded and the infants' behavioral reactions were observed by examiners and analyzed on videotape. There were individual differences in the newborn's response to taste. Infants showed a similar response tendency to tartaric acid and saline solution, when given on two different occasions, respectively. But generally they reacted more strongly to saline than to tartrate. Next, sucking response to taste was studied in 20 infants once a month from birth until 5 months old. Five of them had severe brain damage and the other 15 infants were normal. The methods used were the same as those described in part 1. All 5 infants with severe brain damage initially showed a strong reaction and then a decrease of reaction. Fourteen normal infants were followed until 5 months of age: 12 of them showed a decrease of reaction between 1 and 5 months. Most of them showed decrement between 3 and 5 months. From our results, sucking response to taste in the newborns is assumed to be a subcortical reflex and not a cortically recognizable one. It might be called a primitive sucking response, which gradually decreases like any other primitive reflex does.
对71名足月正常新生儿在5至7日龄时进行了研究。在母乳喂养或奶瓶喂养1 - 2分钟后，给每个婴儿喂0.1%的酒石酸盐溶液或0.25%的盐溶液，然后再次给同一受试者喂相同的溶液。记录吸吮节律，检查人员观察婴儿的行为反应并进行录像分析。新生儿对味道的反应存在个体差异。分别在两个不同场合给婴儿喂酒石酸和盐溶液时，婴儿表现出相似的反应倾向。但一般来说，他们对盐溶液的反应比对酒石酸盐的反应更强烈。接下来，对20名婴儿从出生到5个月大每月进行一次味觉吸吮反应研究。其中5名婴儿有严重脑损伤，另外15名婴儿正常。所用方法与第一部分所述相同。所有5名严重脑损伤的婴儿最初都表现出强烈反应，然后反应减弱。对14名正常婴儿随访至5个月龄：其中12名婴儿在1至5个月之间反应减弱。大多数婴儿在3至5个月之间反应减弱。从我们的结果来看，新生儿对味觉的吸吮反应被认为是一种皮层下反射，而不是皮层可识别的反射。它可能被称为原始吸吮反应，会像任何其他原始反射一样逐渐减弱。
