Nakanishi Kaori, Tsugawa Takeshi, Honma Shinjiro, Nakata Shuji, Tatsumi Masatoshi, Yoto Yuko, Tsutsumi Hiroyuki
Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
J Clin Virol. 2009 Sep;46(1):94-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.014. Epub 2009 Jul 15.
Gastroenteritis is a world-wide disorder. Numerous studies to identify causative viral agents have been reported for hospitalized patients but there are only a few for outpatients with mild symptoms who are usually managed in the outpatient clinics.
Our aim was to clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute gastroenteritis in children who visited the outpatient clinics with various complaints suggestive of gastroenteritis.
From December 2003 to December 2005, 877 rectal swabs were collected from patients attending outpatient clinics in Sapporo, Japan. Viral genomes of major five enteric viruses (rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus) and bocavirus were investigated by RT-PCR or PCR.
At least one viral agent was found in 326 (37.2%) cases of the 877 studied. Rotaviruses were the most prevalent and were detected in 143 (16.3%) followed by norovirus in 116 (13.2%), adenovirus in 42 (4.8%), astrovirus in 40 (4.6%) and sapovirus in 15 (1.7%) cases. Bocavirus was detected in only 4 (0.5%) cases. Frequent diarrhea and frequent vomiting were prominent in rotavirus and norovirus infection, respectively.
The prevalence of each enteric virus in outpatients resembled that previously estimated in hospitalized patients, although the detection rate of rotavirus was slightly low. The contribution of bocavirus appears to be small.
胃肠炎是一种全球性疾病。已有众多针对住院患者的研究报告，旨在确定致病病毒病原体，但针对通常在门诊接受治疗的轻症门诊患者的研究却很少。
我们的目的是阐明因各种疑似胃肠炎症状前来门诊就诊的儿童急性胃肠炎的流行病学和临床特征。
2003年12月至2005年12月期间，从日本札幌市门诊就诊的患者中采集了877份直肠拭子。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）或聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测了五种主要肠道病毒（轮状病毒、诺如病毒、腺病毒、星状病毒和札幌病毒）以及博卡病毒的病毒基因组。
在877例研究病例中，326例（37.2%）检测到至少一种病毒病原体。轮状病毒最为常见，在143例（16.3%）中被检测到，其次是诺如病毒，有116例（13.2%），腺病毒42例（4.8%），星状病毒40例（4.6%），札幌病毒15例（1.7%）。仅在4例（0.5%）中检测到博卡病毒。轮状病毒和诺如病毒感染分别以频繁腹泻和频繁呕吐最为突出。
门诊患者中每种肠道病毒的流行情况与先前在住院患者中估计的情况相似，尽管轮状病毒的检出率略低。博卡病毒的作用似乎较小。
