Goldberger B A, Caplan Y H, Maguire T, Cone E J
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201.
J Anal Toxicol. 1991 Sep-Oct;15(5):226-31. doi: 10.1093/jat/15.5.226.
Hair samples from 20 documented heroin users contained 6-acetylmorphine, a unique metabolite of heroin, in all samples. Heroin was identified in smaller amounts in seven of these samples. The identity of 6-acetylmorphine and heroin was established by comparison of full scan spectra of extracts to standard reference materials. The presence of 6-acetylmorphine generally predominated over heroin, morphine, and codeine. The mean concentrations of analytes were as follows: 6-acetylmorphine, 0.90 ng/mg, N = 20; heroin, 0.17 ng/mg, N = 7; morphine, 0.26 ng/mg, N = 20; codeine, 0.18 ng/mg, N = 15. Analysis of hair samples obtained from 10 drug-free control subjects were negative for 6-acetylmorphine, morphine, and codeine. However, a small interfering peak was observed at the retention time for heroin. Control samples soaked in aqueous solutions of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine were found to be contaminated, even though an initial wash step was included in the analysis. These data suggest that hair analysis for 6-acetylmorphine can be used to differentiate heroin users from other types of opiate exposure (e.g., poppy seed, licit morphine, and codeine); however, environmental contamination can potentially produce false positives during opiate testing.
在20份有记录的海洛因使用者的毛发样本中，所有样本均含有6-单乙酰吗啡，这是海洛因一种独特的代谢物。在其中7份样本中还检测到少量海洛因。通过将提取物的全扫描光谱与标准参考物质进行比较，确定了6-单乙酰吗啡和海洛因的身份。6-单乙酰吗啡的含量通常高于海洛因、吗啡和可待因。分析物的平均浓度如下：6-单乙酰吗啡，0.90纳克/毫克，N = 20；海洛因，0.17纳克/毫克，N = 7；吗啡，0.26纳克/毫克，N = 20；可待因，0.18纳克/毫克，N = 15。对10名无毒品接触史的对照者的毛发样本分析显示，6-单乙酰吗啡、吗啡和可待因均为阴性。然而，在海洛因的保留时间处观察到一个小的干扰峰。尽管分析中包含初始洗涤步骤，但发现浸泡在海洛因和6-单乙酰吗啡水溶液中的对照样本受到了污染。这些数据表明，对6-单乙酰吗啡进行毛发分析可用于区分海洛因使用者与其他类型的阿片类药物接触者（如罂粟籽、合法吗啡和可待因）；然而，环境污染在阿片类药物检测过程中可能会产生假阳性结果。
