Matheson H, Mathes S
Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
Percept Mot Skills. 1991 Jun;72(3 Pt 2):1099-105. doi: 10.2466/pms.1991.72.3c.1099.
This study examined changes in cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence as measured by the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 in a sample of 50 female high school gymnasts prior to their performances at a practice session, dual meet, and district championship meet. The purpose of the study was to examine (1) the relationship between state anxiety and performance setting, (2) experience, and (3) difficulty of the movement task. Analysis showed that at the dual meet athletes experienced significantly greater cognitive and somatic anxiety and lower self-confidence than at the practice or district championship. State anxiety did not vary significantly with the athletes' over-all experience or the difficulty of the routines they performed. The unexpected finding that the dual meet was the most anxiety-provoking was attributed to the greater uncertainty of outcome in a competition and the fact that the dual meet occurred early in the season.
本研究通过使用竞争状态焦虑量表-2，对50名高中女子体操运动员在练习赛、对抗赛和地区锦标赛前的认知焦虑、躯体焦虑和自信心变化进行了检测。该研究的目的是检验：（1）状态焦虑与比赛环境之间的关系；（2）经验；（3）动作任务的难度。分析表明，与练习赛或地区锦标赛相比，在对抗赛中运动员经历了显著更高的认知焦虑和躯体焦虑，以及更低的自信心。状态焦虑并未随运动员的总体经验或所执行动作的难度而显著变化。对抗赛是最能引发焦虑这一意外发现，归因于比赛结果的更大不确定性以及对抗赛在赛季早期举行这一事实。
