Charles Jordan D, Bejan Adrian
Duke University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
J Exp Biol. 2009 Aug;212(Pt 15):2419-25. doi: 10.1242/jeb.031161.
In the present study, we show that the fastest runners and swimmers are becoming not only faster but also heavier, taller and more slender. During the past century, the world record speeds for 100 m-freestyle and 100 m-dash have increased with body mass (M) raised to the power 1/6, in accordance with the constructal scaling of animal locomotion. The world records also show that the speeds have increased in proportion with body heights (H) raised to the power 1/2, in accordance with animal locomotion scaling. If the athlete's body is modeled with two length scales (H, body width L), the (M, H) data can be used to calculate the slenderness of the body, H/L. The world records show that the body slenderness is increasing very slowly over time.
在本研究中，我们表明，跑得最快的运动员和游泳运动员不仅速度越来越快，而且体重增加、身高增长且身材更为修长。在过去的一个世纪里，100米自由泳和100米短跑的世界纪录速度随着体重（M）的六分之一次幂增加，这符合动物运动的结构比例缩放规律。世界纪录还表明，速度随着身高（H）的二分之一次幂成比例增加，这也符合动物运动的比例缩放规律。如果用两个长度尺度（H，身体宽度L）对运动员的身体进行建模，那么（M，H）数据可用于计算身体的修长程度，即H/L。世界纪录显示，随着时间推移，身体的修长程度增长非常缓慢。
