Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009 May-Jun;24(3):147-52. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00006749.
Since the Sphere Project was launched in 1997, it has sought to integrate principles of human rights norms with adherence to technical standards. While the Sphere Handbook has evolved as both a field tool and a resource for articulating human rights, it does not fully offer a rights-based approach to humanitarian assistance. In the handbook's current edition, its Humanitarian Charter asserts and affirms human rights principles, but the technical Minimum Standards Section that follows has yet to truly embody a rights-based approach; that is, it does not clarify how to operationalize human rights in the field, particularly with respect to the health sector. Using human rights documents, the Sphere documents, and existing, published literature in the field of humanitarian practice and human rights, this article provides critical commentary and suggests how strengthening the link between rights and standards, as well as rhetoric and action, can advance the Sphere Project beyond its current applicability as a handbook of technical standards in the field to operationalizing an effective rights-based approach to humanitarian aid.
自 1997 年启动“Sphere 项目”以来，该项目一直致力于将人权规范原则与技术标准的遵守相结合。虽然《Sphere 手册》已经发展成为一种现场工具和阐述人权的资源，但它并没有为人道主义援助提供完全基于权利的方法。在该手册的当前版本中，其《人道主义宪章》断言并肯定了人权原则，但紧随其后的技术最低标准部分尚未真正体现基于权利的方法；也就是说，它没有阐明如何在实地将人权付诸实施，特别是在卫生部门。本文利用人权文件、《Sphere 文件》以及人道主义实践和人权领域现有的已发表文献，提供了批判性的评论，并提出了如何加强权利与标准之间的联系，以及言辞与行动之间的联系，从而可以将“Sphere 项目”从目前作为现场技术标准手册的适用性推进到将有效的基于权利的方法付诸实施的人道主义援助。
