Acharya U R, Lim C M, Ng E Y K, Chee C, Tamura T
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2009 Jul;223(5):545-53. doi: 10.1243/09544119JEIM486.
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycaemia and the long-term complications are retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. It is a leading cause of blindness. Diabetic retinopathy is the progressive pathological alterations in the retinal microvasculature, leading to areas of retinal nonperfusion, increased vascular permeability, and the pathological proliferation of retinal vessels. Hence, it is beneficial to have regular cost-effective eye screening for diabetes subjects. Nowadays, different stages of diabetes retinopathy are detected by retinal examination using indirect biomicroscopy by senior ophthalmologists. In this work, morphological image processing and support vector machine (SVM) techniques were used for the automatic diagnosis of eye health. In this study, 331 fundus images were analysed. Five groups were identified: normal retina, mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Four salient features blood vessels, microaneurysms, exudates, and haemorrhages were extracted from the raw images using image-processing techniques and fed to the SVM for classification. A sensitivity of more than 82 per cent and specificity of 86 per cent was demonstrated for the system developed.
糖尿病是一种异质性临床综合征，其特征为高血糖，长期并发症包括视网膜病变、神经病变、肾病和心肌病。它是导致失明的主要原因。糖尿病视网膜病变是视网膜微血管的进行性病理改变，导致视网膜无灌注区域、血管通透性增加以及视网膜血管的病理性增生。因此，对糖尿病患者进行定期且经济高效的眼部筛查是有益的。如今，资深眼科医生通过间接检眼镜进行视网膜检查来检测糖尿病视网膜病变的不同阶段。在这项工作中，形态图像处理和支持向量机（SVM）技术被用于眼部健康的自动诊断。在本研究中，分析了331张眼底图像。识别出五组：正常视网膜、轻度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变、中度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变、重度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变。使用图像处理技术从原始图像中提取血管、微动脉瘤、渗出物和出血这四个显著特征，并将其输入支持向量机进行分类。所开发的系统显示出超过82%的灵敏度和86%的特异性。
