Golyshina Olga V, Yakimov Michail M, Lünsdorf Heinrich, Ferrer Manuel, Nimtz Manfred, Timmis Kenneth N, Wray Victor, Tindall Brian J, Golyshin Peter N
Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2009 Nov;59(Pt 11):2815-23. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.009639-0. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
A novel acidophilic, cell-wall-less archaeon, strain V(T), was isolated from a hydrothermal pool on Vulcano Island, Italy. The morphology of cells was observed to vary from pleomorphic to coccoid. The temperature range for growth of strain V(T) was 15-65 degrees C with an optimum at 45 degrees C. The pH for growth ranged from pH 0 to 4 with an optimal at pH 1.4-1.6. Strain V(T) was able to grow aerobically and anaerobically, oxidizing ferrous iron and reducing ferric iron, respectively. The isolate grew chemo-organotrophically with yeast extract and yeast extract with glucose as the sources of energy and carbon. The molar G+C content in the DNA was 36 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that strain V(T) was a member of the family Ferroplasmaceae, order Thermoplasmatales, phylum Euryarchaeota, showing sequence identities of 100 % with Ferroplasma cupricumulans BH2(T), 95.4 % with Ferroplasma acidiphilum Y(T), 94 % with Picrophilus torridus DSM 9790(T) and 92 % with Picrophilus oshimae DSM 9789(T). 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain V(T) formed a monophyletic cluster together with F. cupricumulans BH2(T) and all other thermophilic isolates with available 16S rRNA gene sequences, whereas F. acidiphilum Y(T) formed another cluster with mesophilic isolates within the family Ferroplasmaceae. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain V(T) and F. cupricumulans BH2(T) were well below 70 %, indicating that the two strains belong to separate species. Principal membrane lipids of strain V(T) were dibiphytanyl-based tetraether lipids containing pentacyclic rings. The polar lipids were dominated by a single phosphoglycolipid derivative based on a galactosyl dibiphytanyl phosphoglycerol tetraether, together with smaller amounts of monoglycosyl and diglycosyl dibiphytanyl ether lipids and the corresponding phosphoglycerol derivatives. The major respiratory quinones present were naphthoquinone derivatives. Given the notable physiological and chemical differences as well as the distinct phylogenetic placement of the new isolate relative to the type species of the genus Ferroplasma, we propose strain V(T) as a member of a new genus and species, Acidiplasma aeolicum gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Acidiplasma aeolicum is strain V(T) (=DSM 18409(T) =JCM 14615(T)). In addition, we propose to transfer Ferroplasma cupricumulans Hawkes et al. 2008 to the genus Acidiplasma as Acidiplasma cupricumulans comb. nov. (type strain BH2(T) =DSM 16551(T) =JCM 13668(T)).
从意大利武尔卡诺岛的一个热液池中分离出一种新型嗜酸、无细胞壁古菌，菌株V(T)。观察到细胞形态从多形到球状不等。菌株V(T)的生长温度范围为15 - 65℃，最适温度为45℃。生长的pH范围为pH 0至4，最适pH为1.4 - 1.6。菌株V(T)能够在有氧和无氧条件下生长，分别氧化亚铁离子和还原铁离子。该分离株以酵母提取物以及酵母提取物与葡萄糖作为能量和碳源进行化能有机营养生长。DNA中的摩尔G + C含量为36 mol%。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明，菌株V(T)是嗜热栖热菌目嗜铁菌科的成员，广古菌门，与嗜铜嗜铁菌BH2(T)的序列同一性为100%，与嗜酸嗜铁菌Y(T)的序列同一性为95.4%，与嗜热栖热菌DSM 9790(T)的序列同一性为94%，与大岛嗜热栖热菌DSM 9789(T)的序列同一性为92%。基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明，菌株V(T)与嗜铜嗜铁菌BH2(T)以及所有其他具有可用16S rRNA基因序列的嗜热分离株形成一个单系簇，而嗜酸嗜铁菌Y(T)与嗜铁菌科内的嗜温分离株形成另一个簇。菌株V(T)与嗜铜嗜铁菌BH2(T)之间的DNA - DNA杂交值远低于70%，表明这两个菌株属于不同的物种。菌株V(T)的主要膜脂是含有五环的双植烷型四醚脂质。极性脂质主要由基于半乳糖基双植烷磷酸甘油四醚的单一磷酸糖脂衍生物组成，同时还有少量的单糖基和二糖基双植烷醚脂质以及相应的磷酸甘油衍生物。存在的主要呼吸醌是萘醌衍生物。鉴于新分离株相对于嗜铁菌属模式种在生理和化学上存在显著差异以及独特的系统发育位置，我们提议菌株V(T)为一个新属和新种的成员，即风栖嗜酸菌属（Acidiplasma aeolicum），新属，新种。风栖嗜酸菌的模式菌株是菌株V(T)（=DSM 18409(T)=JCM 14615(T)）。此外，我们提议将嗜铜嗜铁菌Hawkes等人2008年的分类转移到嗜酸菌属，命名为嗜铜嗜酸菌（Acidiplasma cupricumulans），新组合（模式菌株BH2(T)=DSM 16551(T)=JCM 13668(T)）。
