Halkjaer Jytte, Tjønneland Anne, Overvad Kim, Sørensen Thorkild I A
Danish Cancer Society Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Aug;109(8):1356-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.015.
Previous studies on the association between macronutrient intake and the development of abdominal obesity, which carries an increased health risk, have not shown a consistent pattern, possibly due to mixed effects of other aspects of the food intake.
This study investigated the association between intake from 21 food and beverage groups and the subsequent 5-year difference in waist circumference.
The study population consisted of 22,570 women and 20,126 men, aged 50 to 64 years at baseline, with complete data on baseline and follow-up waist circumference, baseline diet (192 items food frequency questionnaire), body mass index, and selected potential confounders (eg, smoking status, sport activities, and intake of alcoholic beverages). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed.
For women, 5-year difference in waist circumference was inversely related to intake from red meat, vegetables, fruit, butter, and high-fat dairy products, whereas intake from potatoes, processed meat, poultry, and snack foods was positively associated. For men, red meat and fruit intakes were inversely associated with 5-year difference in waist circumference, whereas snack foods intake was positively associated. Sex differences occurred for vegetables, high-fat dairy products, and processed meat.
The results suggest that a diet low in fruits and red meat and high in snack foods was associated with larger waist circumference gains in both sexes. Furthermore, in women a diet low in vegetables, butter, and high-fat dairy products, and high in poultry, potatoes, and processed meat were likely determinants of subsequent gain at the waist.
先前关于大量营养素摄入与腹部肥胖发展之间关联的研究（腹部肥胖会增加健康风险）并未呈现出一致的模式，这可能是由于食物摄入其他方面的混合作用所致。
本研究调查了21个食物和饮料组的摄入量与随后5年腰围差异之间的关联。
研究人群包括22570名女性和20126名男性，基线年龄为50至64岁，具备关于基线和随访时腰围、基线饮食（192项食物频率问卷）、体重指数以及选定潜在混杂因素（如吸烟状况、体育活动和酒精饮料摄入量）的完整数据。进行了多元线性回归分析。
对于女性，腰围的5年差异与红肉、蔬菜、水果、黄油和高脂肪乳制品的摄入量呈负相关，而土豆、加工肉类、家禽和休闲食品的摄入量呈正相关。对于男性，红肉和水果摄入量与腰围的5年差异呈负相关，而休闲食品摄入量呈正相关。蔬菜、高脂肪乳制品和加工肉类存在性别差异。
结果表明，水果和红肉摄入量低而休闲食品摄入量高的饮食与两性腰围增加幅度较大有关。此外，在女性中，蔬菜、黄油和高脂肪乳制品摄入量低而家禽、土豆和加工肉类摄入量高的饮食可能是随后腰围增加的决定因素。
