Vitolins Mara Z, Anderson Andrea M, Delahanty Linda, Raynor Hollie, Miller Gary D, Mobley Connie, Reeves Rebecca, Yamamoto Monica, Champagne Catherine, Wing Rena R, Mayer-Davis Elizabeth
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Aug;109(8):1367-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.016.
Little has been reported regarding food and nutrient intake in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and most reports have been based on findings in select groups or individuals who self-reported having diabetes.
To describe the baseline food and nutrient intake of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial participants, compare participant intake to national guidelines, and describe demographic and health characteristics associated with food group consumption.
The Look AHEAD trial is evaluating the effects of a lifestyle intervention (calorie control and increased physical activity for weight loss) compared with diabetes support and education on long-term cardiovascular and other health outcomes. Participants are 45 to 75 years old, overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] > or = 25), and have type 2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional analysis, baseline food consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire from 2,757 participants between September 2000 and December 2003.
Descriptive statistics were used to summarize intake by demographic characteristics. Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed univariate effects of characteristics on consumption. Multiple linear regression models assessed factors predictive of intake. Least square estimates were based on final models, and logistic regression determined factors predictive of recommended intake.
Ninety-three percent of the participants exceeded the recommended percentage of calories from fat, 85% exceeded the saturated fat recommendation, and 92% consumed too much sodium. Also, fewer than half met the minimum recommended servings of fruit, vegetables, dairy, and grains.
These participants with pre-existing diabetes did not meet recommended food and nutrition guidelines. These overweight adults diagnosed with diabetes are exceeding recommended intake of fat, saturated fats, and sodium, which may contribute to increasing their risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases.
关于2型糖尿病患者的食物和营养摄入情况，此前报道较少，且大多数报告是基于特定群体或自称患有糖尿病的个体的研究结果。
描述“展望未来（糖尿病健康行动）”试验参与者的基线食物和营养摄入情况，将参与者的摄入量与国家指南进行比较，并描述与食物组消费相关的人口统计学和健康特征。
“展望未来”试验正在评估生活方式干预（热量控制和增加身体活动以减轻体重）与糖尿病支持和教育相比，对长期心血管及其他健康结局的影响。参与者年龄在45至75岁之间，超重或肥胖（体重指数[BMI]≥25），且患有2型糖尿病。在这项横断面分析中，2000年9月至2003年12月期间，通过食物频率问卷对2757名参与者的基线食物消费情况进行了评估。
使用描述性统计按人口统计学特征汇总摄入量。Kruskal-Wallis检验评估特征对消费的单变量影响。多元线性回归模型评估摄入量的预测因素。最小二乘估计基于最终模型，逻辑回归确定推荐摄入量的预测因素。
93%的参与者脂肪热量摄入百分比超过推荐值，85%的参与者饱和脂肪摄入量超过推荐值，92%的参与者钠摄入量过多。此外，不到一半的人达到了水果、蔬菜、乳制品和谷物的最低推荐摄入量。
这些已患糖尿病的参与者未达到推荐的食物和营养指南。这些被诊断患有糖尿病的超重成年人脂肪、饱和脂肪和钠的摄入量超过了推荐值，这可能会增加他们患心血管疾病和其他慢性病的风险。
