Corlett Philip R, Krystal John H, Taylor Jane R, Fletcher Paul C
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University New Haven, CT 06519 , USA.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2009 Jul 10;3:12. doi: 10.3389/neuro.09.012.2009. eCollection 2009.
Delusions are bizarre and distressing beliefs that characterize certain mental illnesses. They arise without clear reasons and are remarkably persistent. Recent models of delusions, drawing on a neuroscientific understanding of learning, focus on how delusions might emerge from abnormal experience. We believe that these models can be extended to help us understand why delusions persist. We consider prediction error, the mismatch between expectancy and experience, to be central. Surprising events demand a change in our expectancies. This involves making what we have learned labile, updating and binding the memory anew: a process of memory reconsolidation. We argue that, under the influence of excessive prediction error, delusional beliefs are repeatedly reconsolidated, strengthening them so that they persist, apparently impervious to contradiction.
妄想是某些精神疾病所特有的怪异且令人痛苦的信念。它们毫无明确缘由地出现，且极为顽固。近期基于对学习的神经科学理解而构建的妄想模型，关注的是妄想如何可能源自异常体验。我们认为这些模型可以加以扩展，以帮助我们理解妄想为何会持续存在。我们认为预测误差，即预期与体验之间的不匹配，是核心所在。令人惊讶的事件需要我们改变预期。这涉及使我们所学的内容变得不稳定，重新更新并绑定记忆：这是一个记忆再巩固的过程。我们认为，在过度预测误差的影响下，妄想信念会反复进行再巩固，从而强化这些信念，使其持续存在，显然不受矛盾的影响。
