Sevigny Phillip R, Loutzenhiser L
Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
Child Care Health Dev. 2010 Mar;36(2):179-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00980.x. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
Researchers interested in child developmental outcomes have highlighted the role that parenting self-efficacy (PSE) plays in psychosocial child adjustment. PSE is a cognitive construct that can be broadly defined as an individual's appraisal of his or her competence in the parental role. PSE has emerged in the literature as an important variable when exploring variance in parenting skills. Despite this, much remains to be learned about PSE. Little is known about the predictors of PSE, with much of the existing research conducted in a piecemeal fashion that lacks a solid theoretical framework. In addition, PSE in fathers has been understudied and relatively little is known about PSE in families with toddler age children. Informed by Belsky's process model of parenting, this study explored similarities and differences in PSE and the predictors of PSE for mothers and fathers of toddlers.
A total of 62 cohabiting couples whose first-born child was 18-36 months old completed self-report measures of PSE, general self-efficacy, depression, marital satisfaction, parenting stress, child difficultness and family functioning.
For fathers, parenting stress and their relational functioning (i.e. marital satisfaction and family functioning) with their spouse predicted PSE scores. For mothers, general self-efficacy and relational functioning were predictive of PSE.
The results of this study support the use of Belsky's process model of parenting to study the predictors of PSE. Important differences were found in the prediction models for mothers and fathers. Future studies need to clarify the nature of parental self-efficacy beliefs in fathers and continue to use comprehensive theoretical models to identify potentially relevant covariates of PSE. Limitations of the current investigation include reliance on self-report measures and the homogeneity of the sample.
关注儿童发展结果的研究人员强调了育儿自我效能感（PSE）在儿童心理社会适应中所起的作用。PSE是一种认知结构，可广义地定义为个体对自己在父母角色中能力的评估。在探索育儿技能的差异时，PSE在文献中已成为一个重要变量。尽管如此，关于PSE仍有许多有待了解之处。关于PSE的预测因素知之甚少，现有的许多研究都是以零散的方式进行的，缺乏坚实的理论框架。此外，父亲的PSE研究不足，对于有幼儿的家庭中父亲的PSE了解相对较少。本研究以贝尔斯基的育儿过程模型为依据，探讨了幼儿父母PSE的异同以及PSE的预测因素。
共有62对同居夫妇，其第一个孩子年龄在18至36个月之间，完成了关于PSE、一般自我效能感、抑郁、婚姻满意度、育儿压力、孩子难养程度和家庭功能的自我报告测量。
对于父亲来说，育儿压力以及他们与配偶的关系功能（即婚姻满意度和家庭功能）可预测PSE得分。对于母亲来说，一般自我效能感和关系功能可预测PSE。
本研究结果支持使用贝尔斯基的育儿过程模型来研究PSE的预测因素。在母亲和父亲的预测模型中发现了重要差异。未来的研究需要阐明父亲育儿自我效能感信念的本质，并继续使用综合理论模型来识别PSE潜在的相关协变量。当前调查的局限性包括依赖自我报告测量以及样本的同质性。
