原核生物中基于CRISPR的适应性和可遗传免疫。

CRISPR-based adaptive and heritable immunity in prokaryotes.

作者信息

van der Oost John, Jore Matthijs M, Westra Edze R, Lundgren Magnus, Brouns Stan J J

机构信息

Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Trends Biochem Sci. 2009 Aug;34(8):401-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2009.05.002. Epub 2009 Jul 29.

DOI:10.1016/j.tibs.2009.05.002

PMID:19646880

Abstract

The recently discovered CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) defense system protects bacteria and archaea against mobile genetic elements. This immunity system has the potential to continuously adjust its reach at the genomic level, implying that both gain and loss of information is inheritable. The CRISPR system consists of typical stretches of interspaced repetitive DNA (CRISPRs) and associated cas genes. Three distinct stages are recognized in the CRISPR defense mechanism: (i) adaptation of the CRISPR via the integration of short sequences of the invaders as spacers; (ii) expression of CRISPRs and subsequent processing to small guide RNAs; and (iii) interference of target DNA by the crRNA guides. Recent analyses of key Cas proteins indicate that, despite some functional analogies, this fascinating prokaryotic system shares no phylogenetic relation with the eukaryotic RNA interference system.

摘要

最近发现的CRISPR（成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列）防御系统可保护细菌和古生菌免受移动遗传元件的侵害。这种免疫系统有可能在基因组水平上不断调整其作用范围，这意味着信息的获得和丢失都是可遗传的。CRISPR系统由典型的间隔重复DNA片段（CRISPRs）和相关的cas基因组成。CRISPR防御机制可分为三个不同阶段：（i）通过将入侵者的短序列作为间隔序列整合到CRISPR中，使其适应；（ii）CRISPRs的表达及随后加工成小指导RNA；（iii）crRNA指导对靶DNA的干扰。最近对关键Cas蛋白的分析表明，尽管存在一些功能上的相似之处，但这个迷人的原核系统与真核RNA干扰系统没有系统发育关系。