Medugorac Ivica, Medugorac Ana, Russ Ingolf, Veit-Kensch Claudia E, Taberlet Pierre, Luntz Bernhard, Mix Henry M, Förster Martin
Chair of Animal Genetics and Husbandry, The Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Mol Ecol. 2009 Aug;18(16):3394-410. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04286.x. Epub 2009 Jul 31.
In times of rapid global and unforeseeable environmental changes, there is an urgent need for a sustainable cattle breeding policy, based on a global view. Most of the indigenous breeds are specialized in a particular habitat or production system but are rapidly disappearing. Thus, they represent an important resource to meet present and future breeding objectives. Based on 105 microsatellites, we obtained thorough information on genetic diversity and population structure of 16 cattle breeds that cover a geographical area from the domestication centre near Anatolia, through the Balkan and alpine regions, to the North-West of Europe. Breeds under strict artificial selection and indigenous breeds under traditional breeding schemes were included. The overall results showed that the genetic diversity is widespread in Busa breeds in the Anatolian and Balkan areas, when compared with the alpine and north-western European breeds. Our results reflect long-term evolutionary and short-term breeding events very well. The regular pattern of allele frequency distribution in the entire cattle population studied clearly suggests conservation of rare alleles by conservation of preferably unselected traditional breeds with large effective population sizes. From a global and long-term conservation genetics point of view, the native and highly variable breeds closer to the domestication centre could serve as valuable sources of genes for future needs, not only for cattle but also for other farm animals.
在全球环境迅速且不可预见地变化的时代，迫切需要基于全球视野制定可持续的养牛政策。大多数本土品种都适应特定的栖息地或生产系统，但它们正在迅速消失。因此，它们是实现当前和未来育种目标的重要资源。基于105个微卫星，我们全面了解了16个牛品种的遗传多样性和种群结构，这些品种覆盖了从安纳托利亚附近的驯化中心，经巴尔干和高山地区，到欧洲西北部的地理区域。其中包括经过严格人工选择的品种和采用传统育种方案的本土品种。总体结果表明，与高山和西北欧品种相比，安纳托利亚和巴尔干地区的布萨品种遗传多样性广泛。我们的结果很好地反映了长期进化和短期育种事件。在所研究的整个牛种群中，等位基因频率分布的规律模式清楚地表明，通过保护有效种群规模较大的、最好是未经选择的传统品种来保护稀有等位基因。从全球和长期保护遗传学的角度来看，更接近驯化中心的本土且高度可变的品种不仅可为未来养牛需求，也可为其他农场动物提供宝贵的基因来源。
