Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2009 Sep;41(5):995-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.06.004. Epub 2009 Jun 21.
Our purpose was to determine visual and cognitive predictors for older drivers' failure to stop at stop signs. 1425 drivers aged between ages 67 and 87 residing in Salisbury Maryland were enrolled in a longitudinal study of driving. At baseline, the participants were administered a battery of vision and cognition tests, and demographic and health questionnaires. Five days of driving data were collected with a Driving Monitoring System (DMS), which obtained data on stop signs encountered and failure to stop at stop signs. Driving data were also collected 1 year later (round two). The outcome, number of times a participant failed to stop at a stop sign at round two, was modeled using vision and cognitive variables as predictors. A negative binomial regression model was used to model the failure rate. Of the 1241 who returned for round two, 1167 drivers had adequate driving data for analyses and 52 did not encounter a stop sign. In the remaining 1115, 15.8% failed at least once to stop at stop signs, and 7.1% failed to stop more than once. Rural drivers had 1.7 times the likelihood of not stopping compared to urban drivers. Amongst the urban participants, the number of points missing in the bilateral visual field was significantly associated with a lower failure rate. In this cohort, older drivers residing in rural areas were less likely to stop at stop-sign intersections than those in urban areas. It is possible that rural drivers frequent areas with less traffic and better visibility, and may be more likely to take the calculated risk of not stopping. In this cohort failure to stop at stop signs was not explained by poor vision or cognition. Conversely in urban areas, those who have visual field loss appear to be more cautious at stop signs.
我们的目的是确定老年人驾驶员未能在停车标志前停车的视觉和认知预测因素。马里兰州索尔兹伯里的 1425 名年龄在 67 岁至 87 岁之间的驾驶员参加了一项关于驾驶的纵向研究。在基线时，参与者接受了一系列视力和认知测试以及人口统计学和健康问卷。使用驾驶监测系统（DMS）收集了五天的驾驶数据，该系统获取了遇到的停车标志和未能在停车标志前停车的数据。一年后（第二轮）也收集了驾驶数据。使用视觉和认知变量作为预测因素，对参与者在第二轮未能在停车标志前停车的次数进行建模。使用负二项回归模型来模拟失败率。在 1241 名返回第二轮的人中，有 1167 名驾驶员有足够的驾驶数据进行分析，而 52 名驾驶员没有遇到停车标志。在其余的 1115 名驾驶员中，有 15.8%的人至少有一次未能在停车标志前停车，而有 7.1%的人未能停止超过一次。农村驾驶员没有停车的可能性比城市驾驶员高 1.7 倍。在城市参与者中，双侧视野缺失的点数与较低的失败率显著相关。在这个队列中，居住在农村地区的老年驾驶员比居住在城市地区的驾驶员更不可能在停车标志交叉口停车。可能是农村驾驶员经常光顾交通和能见度较低的地区，并且更有可能承担不停车的风险。在这个队列中，未能在停车标志前停车不能用视力或认知能力差来解释。相反，在城市地区，那些有视野丧失的人在停车标志前似乎更谨慎。
