Department of Ophthalmology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Aug 3;53(9):5161-7. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-9866.
To characterize visual factors among those who continue to drive and those who restrict night driving in the elderly population.
The Salisbury Eye Evaluation Driving Study (SEEDS) is a study of vision, cognition, and driving behaviors of older drivers living in the greater Salisbury, Maryland, metropolitan area. Patients were recruited from listings in the Department of Motor Vehicle Administration. Data are reported from two visits conducted 2 years apart. Night driving was assessed using a real-time driving assessment tool, the Driving Monitor System. Night driving was defined by the presence of at least one episode of driving at night during a 5-day time period (seasonally adjusted). Participants also underwent a battery of cognitive and visual function testing including distance acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual fields. Logistic regression was used to model factors associated with night driving.
Complete data were available for 990 of the 1080 participants (92%) attending both visits; 41% of participants were driving at night in each visit. Those who were younger (P < 0.001), male (P < 0.001), and had better measures of cognitive (P = 0.007) and visual function were observed driving at night, whereas those who were older, female, and had poorer measures of cognitive and visual function restricted their night driving behavior. An association was observed between depressive symptoms and less night driving in females (P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, better contrast sensitivity (odds ratio [OR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.36, P = 0.02) and visual field detection (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.00-1.47, P = 0.05) were associated with driving at night. Visual acuity was not found to be significantly related to night driving (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.95-1.18, P = 0.12).
Restricting driving at night is a multifactorial behavior that has a vision component, notably poor contrast sensitivity, and some loss of visual fields.
描述继续开车和限制老年人夜间驾驶的人群中的视觉因素。
索尔兹伯里眼评估驾驶研究（SEEDS）是一项对马里兰州索尔兹伯里大都市区老年人的视力、认知和驾驶行为的研究。患者从机动车管理局的名单中招募。数据来自两年一次的两次就诊报告。夜间驾驶使用实时驾驶评估工具——驾驶监测系统进行评估。夜间驾驶的定义是在 5 天时间内至少有一次夜间驾驶（季节性调整）。参与者还接受了一系列认知和视觉功能测试，包括远距离视力、对比敏感度和视野。使用逻辑回归来对与夜间驾驶相关的因素进行建模。
参加两次就诊的 1080 名参与者中有 990 名（92%）完成了完整的数据；在每次就诊中，41%的参与者夜间驾驶。年龄较小（P<0.001）、男性（P<0.001）、认知功能（P=0.007）和视觉功能更好的人夜间驾驶，而年龄较大、女性、认知和视觉功能较差的人限制夜间驾驶行为。观察到抑郁症状与女性夜间驾驶次数减少之间存在关联（P=0.003）。在多变量分析中，更好的对比敏感度（优势比[OR]1.18，95%置信区间[CI]1.02-1.36，P=0.02）和视野检测（OR 1.21，95%CI 1.00-1.47，P=0.05）与夜间驾驶有关。未发现视力与夜间驾驶显著相关（OR 1.08，95%CI 0.95-1.18，P=0.12）。
限制夜间驾驶是一种多因素行为，其中包括视觉因素，尤其是较差的对比敏感度和部分视野丧失。
