Liess B, Moennig V
Institute of Virology, Division of Clinical Virology, Hanover Veterinary School, Federal Republic of Germany.
Rev Sci Tech. 1990 Mar;9(1):151-61. doi: 10.20506/rst.9.1.484.
Ruminant pestivirus infections of pigs have a worldwide distribution. The prevalence is varied and depends mainly on (i) contact with cattle, (ii) age of pigs and (iii) degree of homology of virus strains used for serology, with field strains of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infecting pigs. Emphasis should be laid on sources of BVDV other than cattle, e.g. contaminated vaccines and fetal calf serum. The need for differentiation of pestiviruses (hog cholera, bovine virus diarrhoea and Border disease viruses) is highlighted by the fact that clinical disease syndromes, e.g. growth retardation and wasting, are reminiscent of hog cholera. Monoclonal antibodies are available which differentiate between hog cholera virus (HCV) and ruminant pestiviruses, presumably BVDV. An up-to-date account of the antigenic relationship between pestiviruses is included in the review. Analysis of the in vitro host range of these viruses is considered to be important and may explain infections of pigs with pestiviruses other than HCV. Recent results have shown the existence of "specialists" amongst BVDV strains for bovine cells, and a few isolates also performed well in cultures of the PK15 cell line. In contrast, multipotent BVDV strains presumably have additional attachment sites for ovine and porcine cells. Identification of receptors on ovine and porcine cells could contribute to a clear distinction between BVDV and HCV infections of pigs. Immediate control measures for BVDV infections of pigs are not required. However, such infections may interfere with serologic surveys and surveillance on a herd basis and, therefore, impair eradication programmes and efforts to maintain the status in countries declared free of hog cholera.
猪的反刍动物瘟病毒感染在全球范围内均有发生。其流行情况各不相同，主要取决于：（i）与牛的接触；（ii）猪的年龄；（iii）用于血清学检测的病毒株与感染猪的牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）野毒株的同源程度。应重点关注牛以外的BVDV来源，如受污染的疫苗和胎牛血清。瘟病毒（猪瘟病毒、牛病毒性腹泻病毒和边界病病毒）的鉴别需求因以下事实而凸显：临床疾病综合征，如生长发育迟缓与消瘦，与猪瘟相似。已有可区分猪瘟病毒（HCV）和反刍动物瘟病毒（可能是BVDV）的单克隆抗体。该综述包含了瘟病毒之间抗原关系的最新阐述。对这些病毒体外宿主范围的分析被认为很重要，这可能解释了除HCV外的瘟病毒对猪的感染情况。最近的结果表明，BVDV毒株中存在针对牛细胞的“专一型”毒株，少数分离株在PK15细胞系培养中也表现良好。相比之下，多能BVDV毒株可能在绵羊和猪细胞上有额外的附着位点。鉴定绵羊和猪细胞上的受体有助于明确区分猪的BVDV感染和HCV感染。目前不需要对猪的BVDV感染立即采取控制措施。然而，此类感染可能会干扰基于群体的血清学调查和监测，从而损害根除计划以及在宣布无猪瘟的国家维持现状的努力。
