Klein-Tasman Bonita P, Phillips Kristin D, Lord Catherine, Mervis Carolyn B, Gallo Frank J
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2009 Aug;30(4):289-99. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181ad1f9a.
The sociocommunicative abnormalities of young children with Williams syndrome (WS) with limited language were compared with those of children with clinical diagnoses of autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), or nonspectrum developmental disability.
Participants were 30 children with WS and individually matched groups of participants with autism (n = 28), PDD-NOS (n = 17), and mixed etiology nonspectrum developmental disabilities (n = 16). The autism, PDD-NOS, and mixed etiology groups were matched individually to the children with WS for age, sex, and developmental level. All participants were administered the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Module 1 and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning.
As a group, children with WS with limited language showed fewer sociocommunicative abnormalities than children with autism, about the same level as children with PDD-NOS, and more abnormalities in reciprocity social interaction than participants in the mixed etiology group. Examination of the subgroup of participants with WS matched and compared with children with PDD-NOS indicated that half of the children showed fewer abnormalities than their individual matches with PDD-NOS, whereas half of the children with WS showed more abnormalities than their matches with PDD-NOS.
Sociocommunicative difficulties are present for many children with WS and overlap with the autism spectrum. The results of this investigation suggest that these abnormalities are not accounted for by developmental delay alone, and care should be taken to avoid diagnostic overshadowing in young children with WS.
将威廉姆斯综合征（WS）且语言能力有限的幼儿的社会交往异常情况与临床诊断为自闭症、未特定的广泛性发育障碍（PDD-NOS）或非谱系发育障碍的儿童进行比较。
参与者为30名患有WS的儿童以及分别与之匹配的自闭症儿童组（n = 28）、PDD-NOS儿童组（n = 17）和混合病因非谱系发育障碍儿童组（n = 16）。自闭症组、PDD-NOS组和混合病因组分别在年龄、性别和发育水平上与患有WS的儿童进行个体匹配。所有参与者均接受了自闭症诊断观察量表模块1和马伦早期学习量表的测试。
总体而言，语言能力有限的WS儿童表现出的社会交往异常比自闭症儿童少，与PDD-NOS儿童的水平大致相同，并且在互惠性社交互动方面比混合病因组的参与者有更多异常。对与PDD-NOS儿童匹配并进行比较的WS参与者亚组进行检查发现，一半的WS儿童表现出的异常比其与之匹配的PDD-NOS儿童少，而另一半WS儿童表现出的异常比其与之匹配的PDD-NOS儿童多。
许多WS儿童存在社会交往困难，且与自闭症谱系存在重叠。本研究结果表明，这些异常不能仅由发育迟缓来解释，对于患有WS的幼儿应注意避免诊断遮蔽。
