Miezah Daniel, Porter Melanie, Batchelor Jennifer, Rossi Adriana, Reeve Jessica
School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Herring Road, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2024 Oct 7. doi: 10.1007/s10803-024-06530-z.
The current study compared the prevalence of cognitive and psychopathological impairments among 24 preschool children with Williams syndrome (WS) (aged 2.20 to 5.97 years) and 53 controls without WS and screened for developmental or psychological diagnoses (aged 2.21 to 5.89 years) matched on chronological age and sex distribution. Associations between sex, chronological age, early development and psychopathology were also investigated. The Child Behavior Checklist-Preschool Version (CBCL) and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning were administered. Higher reported rates of Attention Problems, Emotional Reactivity, Somatic Complaints, Withdrawal, Affective Problems and Total Problems were found in preschool children with WS. There were no significant group differences in prevalence rates of all other CBCL domains. Attention Problems were the most prevalent psychopathology in preschool children with WS (33% falling in the clinically significant range), followed by Affective Problems (29% in clinically significant range), then Anxiety Problems (17%) or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems (17%). Among children without WS, the highest prevalence rates of psychopathology were for Attention Problems (4% falling in the clinically significant range), Aggressive Behaviour (4%), Sleep Problems (4%) and Oppositional Defiant Problems (4%). There were no significant associations between sex or chronological age and CBCL-reported psychopathology for either group. In addition, there were no significant relationships between CBCL ratings and verbal ability, nonverbal ability or overall developmental level in either group. Findings highlight variations in the pattern of psychopathology among preschool children with WS compared to those without WS, which needs to be considered in clinical management and future research.
本研究比较了24名患有威廉姆斯综合征（WS）的学龄前儿童（年龄在2.20至5.97岁之间）和53名无WS且经过发育或心理诊断筛查的对照儿童（年龄在2.21至5.89岁之间）在认知和心理病理障碍方面的患病率，这些对照儿童在年龄和性别分布上与WS组相匹配。同时还研究了性别、实足年龄、早期发育与心理病理之间的关联。研究使用了儿童行为检查表-学龄前版（CBCL）和马伦早期学习量表。结果发现，患有WS的学龄前儿童在注意力问题、情绪反应性、躯体主诉、退缩、情感问题和总问题方面的报告率更高。在CBCL的所有其他领域，两组的患病率没有显著差异。注意力问题是患有WS的学龄前儿童中最普遍的心理病理问题（33%处于临床显著范围），其次是情感问题（29%处于临床显著范围），然后是焦虑问题（17%）或注意力缺陷/多动问题（17%）。在无WS的儿童中，心理病理问题的最高患病率是注意力问题（4%处于临床显著范围）、攻击行为（4%）、睡眠问题（4%）和对立违抗问题（4%）。两组中，性别或实足年龄与CBCL报告的心理病理之间均无显著关联。此外，两组中CBCL评分与语言能力、非语言能力或总体发育水平之间均无显著关系。研究结果突出了患有WS的学龄前儿童与无WS的学龄前儿童在心理病理模式上的差异，这在临床管理和未来研究中需要加以考虑。
