Svihra Martin, Katzman Martin A
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
Paediatr Child Health. 2004 Oct;9(8):547-550. doi: 10.1093/pch/9.8.547.
Anxiety disorders are prevalent and contribute to emotional suffering and significant economic loss. Early identification and treatment are essential, not only to reduce the associated morbidity, disability and mortality of the anxiety disorders themselves, but also to minimize development of frequent comorbidities such as depression and substance abuse. To understand the factors that increase susceptibility to developing anxiety disorders, a temperamental construct called behavioural inhibition, which refers to the consistent tendency of some children to demonstrate fear and withdrawal in novel situations, has been developed. The present article reviews studies investigating this model as a premorbid predictor of those at risk for developing anxiety disorders, including prospective studies of children at risk as well as retrospective and family studies. In summary, these data suggest the usefulness of this model and a need for further research to determine the optimal management of behaviourally inhibited children as a potential way to prevent adult psychopathology.
焦虑症很常见，会导致情绪痛苦和重大经济损失。早期识别和治疗至关重要，这不仅是为了降低焦虑症本身相关的发病率、残疾率和死亡率，也是为了尽量减少常见共病（如抑郁症和药物滥用）的发生。为了了解增加患焦虑症易感性的因素，一种名为行为抑制的气质结构被提出，它指的是一些儿童在新环境中表现出恐惧和退缩的一贯倾向。本文回顾了将该模型作为焦虑症发病风险的病前预测指标的研究，包括对有风险儿童的前瞻性研究以及回顾性和家族性研究。总之，这些数据表明了该模型的有用性，以及进一步研究以确定对行为抑制儿童的最佳管理方式作为预防成人精神病理学潜在方法的必要性。
