College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2009 May;26(5):733-43. doi: 10.1080/02652030802641872.
The study was conducted to characterize and compare twelve different additives distributed in Mexico as mycotoxin binders utilizing: (1) equilibrium isothermal analysis for aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) adsorption, (2) a variety of mineralogical probes, and (3) Hydra toxicity bioassay. The test additives Milbond-TX (MLB), Mycoad (MCA), Volclay FD181 (VOL), Fixat (FXT), Toxinor (TOX), Mexsil (MEX), Mycosil (MYC), Klinsil (KLS), Zeotek (ZEO), Duotek (DUO), Mycosorb (MSB), and Mycofix Plus 3.0 (MIX) were compared with NovaSil Plus (NSP). Isotherms for AFB(1) adsorption were conducted at pH 2 and pH 6.5, mimicking pH conditions in the stomach and small intestine. Mineralogical analysis included determination of swelling volume, X-ray diffraction analysis, and fractionation procedures. A Hydra vulgaris toxicity study was performed to evaluate the potential safety of the additives. Computer-generated isotherm data were fit using the Langmuir model, and parameters of Q(max) and K(d) were estimated. The most effective additives for AFB(1) at both pH conditions were NSP, MLB, MCA and VOL, while the least effective was MSB. The amounts of sand, silt and clay fractions varied among the additives. Nine of the additives showed the presence of smectite. Most of the additives were found to be non-toxic to Hydra except for the organoclays (ZEO, DUO) and MSB. In general, NSP demonstrated the highest sorption capacity in the bulk material and the different fractions. Studies to characterize these binding additives further and to evaluate their multiple mycotoxin sorption claims are ongoing.
本研究旨在对分布在墨西哥的十二种不同添加剂进行特性描述和比较，这些添加剂被用作黄曲霉毒素 B(1)（AFB(1)）吸附剂，采用以下三种方法：（1）吸附等温线分析；（2）多种矿物探针分析；（3）水螅毒性生物测定。对 Milbond-TX（MLB）、Mycoad（MCA）、Volclay FD181（VOL）、Fixat（FXT）、Toxinor（TOX）、Mexsil（MEX）、Mycosil（MYC）、Klinsil（KLS）、Zeotek（ZEO）、Duotek（DUO）、Mycosorb（MSB）和 Mycofix Plus 3.0（MIX）等测试添加剂与 NovaSil Plus（NSP）进行了比较。在 pH 2 和 pH 6.5 下进行了 AFB(1)吸附的等温线实验，模拟了胃和小肠中的 pH 条件。矿物分析包括膨胀体积测定、X 射线衍射分析和分级程序。还进行了水螅毒性研究，以评估添加剂的潜在安全性。使用 Langmuir 模型拟合计算机生成的等温线数据，并估算了 Q(max)和 K(d)的参数。在两种 pH 条件下，对 AFB(1)吸附最有效的添加剂是 NSP、MLB、MCA 和 VOL，而最无效的是 MSB。各添加剂的砂、粉砂和粘土分数含量不同。其中 9 种添加剂含有蒙脱石。除了有机黏土（ZEO、DUO）和 MSB 外，大多数添加剂对水螅均无毒性。一般来说，NSP 在大块材料和不同的分相中表现出最高的吸附能力。目前正在对这些结合添加剂进行进一步的特性描述研究，并评估它们对多种霉菌毒素的吸附作用。
