Magnaghi Valerio, Procacci Patrizia, Tata Ada Maria
Department of Endocrinology, Physiopathology, Applied Biology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;87:295-315. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)87015-3.
Peripheral neuropathies are common neurologic disorders, but current treatments are limited. Among the different approaches to treat the acquired neuropathies due to traumatic injuries, the pharmacological interventions directed to Schwann cell may represent a useful and challenging opportunity. Following nerve damage the distal axon and the ensheathing Schwann cells degenerate, ensuing a process known as "Wallerian degeneration". Schwann cells then dedifferentiate and proliferate to support neurite outgrowth. In the recent years, several pharmacological agents that may promote the Schwann cell in its role of supporting nerve regeneration have been proposed. However, in view of increased understanding of the cellular mechanisms controlling neuron-glial interactions, a great attention has focused on neurotransmitters, neuroactive steroids, and neurohormones. In this review, we survey the latest findings on these factors and assess their potential as novel promising treatments for peripheral neuropathies caused by injury.
周围神经病变是常见的神经系统疾病，但目前的治疗方法有限。在治疗因创伤性损伤导致的后天性神经病变的不同方法中，针对施万细胞的药物干预可能是一个有用且具有挑战性的机会。神经损伤后，远端轴突和包绕的施万细胞会发生退化，随后会出现一个被称为“沃勒变性”的过程。然后施万细胞去分化并增殖以支持神经突生长。近年来，已经提出了几种可能促进施万细胞发挥支持神经再生作用的药物。然而，鉴于对控制神经元 - 胶质细胞相互作用的细胞机制的认识不断增加，人们将大量注意力集中在神经递质、神经活性类固醇和神经激素上。在这篇综述中，我们概述了关于这些因素的最新发现，并评估它们作为治疗由损伤引起的周围神经病变的新的有前景的治疗方法的潜力。
