Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Dec;22(6):567-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.08.003. Epub 2009 Aug 14.
Studies have shown that the oxidative power of cigarettes is related to the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases and that regular physical exercise contributes significantly to reducing the deleterious effects of cigarettes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of physical exercise on histological and oxidative stress markers in animals exposed to cigarette smoke. Thirty-six male, eight-week-old C57BL-6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 9 for each group): control, exercise, cigarette smoke, and cigarette smoke plus exercise. The cigarette smoke (CS) groups were exposed to cigarette smoke 3 times/day (4 cigarettes/session) for 60 consecutive days. The exercise groups were submitted to swimming physical training 5 days/week for eight weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise and cigarette exposure, the animals were sacrificed using cervical traction. The right lung was removed, processed, and stored for future analysis. In addition to the analysis of collagen content (hydroxyproline), oxidant production (anion superoxide), antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and CAT), and lipid and protein oxidative damage (TBARS and Carbonylation), histological and morphological studies were performed. The results revealed that the animals exposed to cigarette smoke showed enlargement and destruction of the alveolar septum and increases in the numbers of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as in the amount of collagen. Our results also showed a decrease in the volume density of elastic fibers and an increase in the volume density of airspaces. However, physical exercise partially improved these markers. Additionally, physical exercise decreased oxidant production and increased the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, but did not reverse lipid and protein oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke. These results suggest that physical training partially improves histological and oxidative stress parameters in the lungs of animals chronically exposed to cigarette smoke and that other therapies can contribute to potentiate these effects.
研究表明，香烟的氧化能力与多种肺部疾病的发病机制有关，而有规律的体育锻炼对减轻香烟的有害影响有重要作用。本研究的目的是探讨体育锻炼对暴露于香烟烟雾的动物的组织学和氧化应激标志物的治疗效果。将 36 只 8 周龄雄性 C57BL-6 小鼠分为 4 组（每组 9 只）：对照组、运动组、香烟烟雾组和香烟烟雾加运动组。香烟烟雾（CS）组每天暴露于香烟烟雾 3 次（每次 4 支），共 60 天。运动组每周进行 5 天游泳训练，共 8 周。最后一次运动和吸烟暴露 48 小时后，使用颈椎牵引处死动物。取出右肺，进行处理并储存以备进一步分析。除了分析胶原蛋白含量（羟脯氨酸）、氧化剂产生（阴离子超氧化物）、抗氧化酶活性（SOD 和 CAT）和脂质及蛋白质氧化损伤（TBARS 和羰基化）外，还进行了组织学和形态学研究。结果显示，暴露于香烟烟雾的动物表现出肺泡间隔增大和破坏，巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞数量增加，胶原含量增加。我们的结果还显示弹性纤维体积密度降低，气腔体积密度增加。然而，体育锻炼部分改善了这些标志物。此外，体育锻炼降低了氧化剂的产生，增加了酶抗氧化防御系统的活性，但没有逆转香烟烟雾引起的脂质和蛋白质氧化损伤。这些结果表明，体育锻炼部分改善了长期暴露于香烟烟雾的动物肺部的组织学和氧化应激参数，而其他治疗方法可以增强这些效果。
