Bohn V, Rathmann K, Richter M
Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, AG Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld.
Gesundheitswesen. 2010 May;72(5):293-300. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1233475. Epub 2009 Aug 14.
Children and adolescents in Germany are generally considered to be healthy if health is measured with "classic" indicators of health. However, health impairments increasingly emerge in terms of psychosocial health. The present study addresses the question whether and what aspects of psychosocial health are associated with age, gender and socioeconomic status.
Data were obtained from the North Rhine-Westphalian sample of the "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)" study in 2006. Overall, 4 324 students aged 11-15 years were interviewed with a standardised questionnaire. Descriptive methods were used to analyse the association between age, gender and socioeconomic status and the four measures of psychosocial health. The socioeconomic status of the adolescents was measured by type of school.
About 20% of the adolescents suffer from impairments in their psychosocial health. In general, girls report worse psychosocial health than boys. Student's perceived rating of psychosocial health decreases with increasing age. Independently of gender, pupils from general school rate their health worse than pupils from grammar school.
The results underline that there are manifold health problems in adolescence, which can lead to severe diseases in later life such as chronic diseases. The findings suggest that preventive strategies should be directed toward girls and pupils from general schools.
如果用“经典”健康指标衡量健康状况，德国儿童和青少年通常被认为是健康的。然而，心理社会健康方面的健康损害正日益显现。本研究探讨心理社会健康的哪些方面与年龄、性别和社会经济地位相关，以及是否存在关联。
数据来自2006年北莱茵 - 威斯特法伦州“学龄儿童健康行为（HBSC）”研究样本。总体而言，对4324名11 - 15岁的学生进行了标准化问卷调查。采用描述性方法分析年龄、性别和社会经济地位与心理社会健康的四项测量指标之间的关联。青少年的社会经济地位通过学校类型来衡量。
约20%的青少年存在心理社会健康损害。总体而言，女孩报告的心理社会健康状况比男孩差。学生对心理社会健康的自我感知评分随年龄增长而下降。无论性别如何，普通学校的学生对自己健康状况的评价比文理中学的学生差。
结果强调青少年存在多种健康问题，这些问题可能导致日后诸如慢性病等严重疾病。研究结果表明，预防策略应针对女孩和普通学校的学生。
