Kanwar Jagat R, Kanwar Rupinder K, Sun Xueying, Punj Vasu, Matta H, Morley Somasundaram M, Parratt Andrew, Puri Munish, Sehgal Rakesh
Institute of Biotechnology (BioDeakin), Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Geelong Technology Precinct, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia.
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2009 Aug;10(4):308-38. doi: 10.2174/138920309788922234.
Milk and colostrum is a rich source of proteins/peptides which have crucial roles in both neonates and adults. Milk bioactive proteins and peptides are potential health-enhancing nutraceuticals for food. Many bioactive peptides/proteins may be used as nutraceuticals, for example, in the treatment of cancer, asthma, diarrhea, hypertension, thrombosis, dental diseases, as well as mineral malabsorption, and immunodeficiency. The following components of milk are of particular interest in the recent years: 1) Lactoferrin [Lf] has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasite and antitumor activities and accelerates immunomodulatory properties. Lf is a potent inhibitor for several enveloped and naked viruses, such as rotavirus, enterovirus and adenovirus. Lf is resistant to tryptic digestion and breast-fed infants excrete high levels of faecal Lf, so that its effect on viruses replicating in the gastrointestinal tract is of great interest. 2) Casein has been protective in experimental bacteremia by eliciting myelopoiesis. Casein hydrolyzates were also protective in diabetic animals, reduced the tumor growth and diminished colicky symptoms in infants. 3) A Proline rich polypeptide [PRP] revealed variety of immunotropic functions, including promotion of T-cell activation and inhibition of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. 4) alpha-Lactalbumin [LA] demonstrates antiviral, antitumor and anti-stress properties. 5) Lactoperoxidase shows antibacterial properties. 6) Lysozyme is effective in treatment of periodentitis and prevention of tooth decay. Taken together, milk-derived proteins and peptides are bio-available and safe for the prevention and treatment of various disorders in humans and may play a complementary [natural agents] rather than a substitutional role to the toxic synthetic pharmacological drugs.
牛奶和初乳富含蛋白质/肽，这些蛋白质/肽对新生儿和成年人都起着至关重要的作用。牛奶中的生物活性蛋白质和肽是具有潜在健康促进作用的营养保健品。许多生物活性肽/蛋白质可用作营养保健品，例如，用于治疗癌症、哮喘、腹泻、高血压、血栓形成、牙科疾病以及矿物质吸收不良和免疫缺陷。近年来，牛奶的以下成分尤其受到关注：1）乳铁蛋白[Lf]具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫和抗肿瘤活性，并能加速免疫调节特性。Lf是几种包膜病毒和裸露病毒的有效抑制剂，如轮状病毒、肠道病毒和腺病毒。Lf对胰蛋白酶消化具有抗性，母乳喂养的婴儿粪便中Lf排泄量高，因此其对在胃肠道中复制的病毒的作用备受关注。2）酪蛋白通过引发骨髓生成在实验性菌血症中具有保护作用。酪蛋白水解产物在糖尿病动物中也具有保护作用，可减少肿瘤生长并减轻婴儿的绞痛症状。3）富含脯氨酸的多肽[PRP]具有多种免疫调节功能，包括促进T细胞活化和抑制自身免疫性疾病，如多发性硬化症。4）α-乳白蛋白[LA]具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗应激特性。5）乳过氧化物酶具有抗菌特性。6）溶菌酶对治疗牙周炎和预防龋齿有效。综上所述，源自牛奶的蛋白质和肽在预防和治疗人类各种疾病方面具有生物可利用性且安全，并且可能对有毒的合成药理药物起到补充（天然药物）而非替代的作用。
